Brain Anatomy

Question 1

brainstem parts

Answer 1

medulla oblongata, midbrain, pons

Question 2

medulla oblongata function

Answer 2

reflex center; vomiting, yawning, ventilation

Question 3

midbrain functions

Answer 3

homeostasis, hearing, sight, wakefulness + arousal

Question 4

pons functions

Answer 4

SLEEP (generating dreams)
eye movement
facial expressions
sensation
respiration
equilibrium

Question 5

reticular formation functions

Answer 5

nuclei in brainstem, sleep + consciousness + pain modulation + cardiovascular

Question 6

ascending reticular activating systems

Answer 6

consciousness + behavioral arousal

Question 7

descending reticular activating systems

Answer 7

locomotion + posture

Question 8

interbrain (diencephalon) parts

Answer 8

cerebellum, hypothalamus, left + right thalamus

Question 9

cerebellum functions

Answer 9

1. balance
2. movement coordination
3. muscle memory

Question 10

thalamus functions

Answer 10

1. relays impulses from cerebellum + basal ganglia to motor cortex
2. sensory impulses to sensory cortex
3. ascending reticular activation system activity
4. medior dorsalis sends stuff to prefrontal cortex (behaviour + intellect)

Question 11

hypothalamus functions

Answer 11

• vegetative regulations
  *reproduction, salt-water balance, temperature, sleep
• memories

Question 12

Cerebrum parts

Answer 12

cerebral cortex, cerebral hemispheres

Question 13

sulci

Answer 13

folds on cerebral cortex that separate different brain areas

Question 14

insular cortex location

Answer 14

lateral sulci

Question 15

insular cortex functions

Answer 15

1. socio-emotional processing
2. pain processing
3. emotional + cognitive processing
4. senses; smell (olfactory) + taste (gustatory)
5. sensorimotor

Question 16

functions cerebral hemispheres

Answer 16

1. language + memory
2. attention
3. perception

Question 17

lateral ventricles

Answer 17

2 cavities in cerebrum that protects brain from trauma, also lets cerebrospinal fluid flow

Question 18

longitudinal fissure

Answer 18

gap between right and left cerebral hemisphere

Question 19

corpus callosum

Answer 19

nerve fibres that link right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 20

what are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum called

Answer 20

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 21

frontal lobe functions

Answer 21

personality, memory, emotions, planning, skills to do with judgement + problem solving

Question 22

parietal lobe functions

Answer 22

integrates sensory info to manipulate objects

Question 23

left parietal lobe functions

Answer 23

spatial language
“The book is above the table”

Question 24

right parietal lobe functions

Answer 24

spatial functions
“The room is 3x4 m big”

Question 25

temporal lobe functions

Answer 25

- attention - timing - memory - expressive + receptive speech

Question 26

occipital lobe function

Answer 26

- sight

Question 27

extrapyramidal system

Answer 27

motor system network causing involuntary actions automatic movements (riding bike)

Question 28

brain parts involved in extrapyramidal system

Answer 28

1. nigrostatial pathway 2. medulla 3. cerebellum 4. cerebral cortex 5. vestibular nuclei

Question 29

basal ganglia what do they connect

Answer 29

connect brain stem, interbrain (thalamus) and cerebrum (cerebral cortex)

Question 30

basal ganglia functions

Answer 30

voluntary movement + learning (procedural, habit, conditioned)

Question 31

limbic system brain parts

Answer 31

hippocampus + amygdala

Question 32

hippocampus function

Answer 32

spatial function (remembering spaces)

Question 33

longterm potentiation

Answer 33

strengthening of synapses due to recent patters of activity

Question 34

brain parts involved in anterograde amnesia

Answer 34

hippocampus, amygdala, basal forebrain, medial temporal lobe

Question 35

brain parts involved in retrograde amnesia

Answer 35

diencephalon, prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia

Question 36

motor strip; location + function

Answer 36

- frontal lobe - controls muscles

Question 37

cardiovascular center location

Answer 37

autonomous nervous system

Question 38

anterior insula functions

Answer 38

olfactory, gustatory, limbic

Question 39

posterior insula functions

Answer 39

auditory, skeletomotor functions

Question 40

prenatal testosterone function

Answer 40

increases size of right hemisphere