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Anatomy Written 2 > Brain and Meninges > Flashcards

Brain and Meninges Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Average mass of brain

A

1300 to 1400 grams

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2
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebrum
Cerebral hemispheres separated by the longitudinal fissure
Gyri and Sulci
Lobes - frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, and occipital

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3
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus

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4
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

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5
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons and Cerebellum

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6
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla Oblongata

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7
Q

Cerebrum

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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8
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

(motor control, personality, judgment, planning, language production)

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9
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Sensation, body orientation

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10
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual perception and interpretation

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11
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Audition (hearing), language comprehension and memory

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12
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordination and control of movement

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13
Q

Brainstem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Breathing, reticular activation (consciousness) and cardiovascular control

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14
Q

Diencephalon

A

Relay of sensory info; feeding, emotion, fight or flight response, and sexual behavior

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15
Q

Meninges

A

Cranial meninges are continuous with the spinal meninges at the foramen magnum
Dura, arachnoid, pia

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16
Q

Cranial dura mater

A

Two layers
Periosteal
Meningeal

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17
Q

Periosteal Dura Mater

A

outer layer representing the periosteum of the cranial cavity
contains meningial arteries
NOT continuous with the spinal dura mater

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18
Q

Meningeal Layer of dura mater

A

Inner layer continuous with the spinal dura mater at the foramen magnum

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19
Q

The two layers separate and form…

A
  1. Dural partitions (folds)

2. Venous Sinuses (important for drainage)

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20
Q

Dural Partitions

A

Falx Cerebri - separates cerebral hemispheres
Tentorum Cerebelli - separates cerebellum from posterior portions of cerebral hemispheres
Falx Cerebelli - short projection btw cerebellar hemispheres
Diaphragma sellae - forms a roof over the sella turcica

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21
Q

Primary arterial supply is from

A

Middle meningeal arteries (branches of the maxillary arter)

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22
Q

Innervation

A

Principally by the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions of triggeminal (CN V)
Dura of posterior cranial fossa - upper cervical nerves

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23
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Thin membrane lining the inner meningeal layer of the dura mater
Thin processes extend into the subarachnoid space and are continuous with the pia mater

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24
Q

Pia Mater

Study These Flashcards
A

Thin, delicate membrane adherent to the surface of the brain

25
Meningial Spaces
Extradural (Epidural) Space Subdural Space Subarachnoid Space
26
Extradural (Epidural) Space
Potential space btw the skull and periosteal dural layer
27
Extradural (Epidural) Space Clinical Correlation
Becomes a real space when an extradural hematoma forms from either a rupture of the meningeal artery or a tear in a dural venous sinus
28
Subdural Space
Potential space btw menngeal dural layer and arachnoid mater
29
Subdural Space Clinical Correlation
Real space may result when a subdural hematoma forms from the tearing of a vein entering a dural venous sinus
30
Subarachnoid Space
Real space btw arachnoid mater and pia mater filled with CSF CSF is formed by specialized vascular structures, the choroid plexuses, in the ventricles and is reabsorbed into the dural venous sinuses via arachnoid villi that form the arachnoid granulations and lateral lacunae
31
Subarachnoid Space Clinical Correlation
Subarachnoid hemorrhage - most result from ruptures aneurysm
32
Ventricular System
Cavities filled with CSF secreted by the choroid plexuses
33
Lateral Ventricles
Each communicates with 3rd ventricle via interventricular foramen (aka foramen of monro)
34
Third Ventricle
Communicates with 4th ventricle via cerebral aqueduct (of sylvius)
35
Fourth Ventricle
Communicates with subarachnoid space via the median aperture (foramen of Magendie) and lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka)
36
Ventricular System - Clinical Correlation
Hydrocephalus - dilation of the ventricular system of the brain due to 1. obstruction of CSF flow (most common) 2. CSF not being adequately reabsorbed (less common) 3. overproducation of CSF (rare) Not in adults - fused bones
37
Arterial Supply
Two pairs of arteries supply the brain 1. Vertebral 2. Internal Carotid Arteries
38
Vertebral arteries join and form the
Basilar Artery | - it then divides into the posterior cerebral arteries
39
Internal carotid arteries divide into
Terminal branches | Anterior and middle cerebral arteries
40
Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis)
``` Internal Carotid Arteries Anterior Cerebral Arteries Anterior Communicating Artery Posterior Communicating Arteries Posterior Cerebral Arteries ```
41
Clinical Correlation Arterial Supply
strokes relate to a disruption in blood supply leading to tissue death A Cerebral Infarction occurs when blood is obstructed, and can lead to an ischemic stroke A Cerebral Aneurysm is a weak spot in cerebral vessel which can rupture causing a hemorrhagic stroke Location will affect specific brain structures and thus affect specific functions
42
Venous Drainage
Small cerebral and other veins drain into dural venous sinuses, which (most) ultimately drain into the internal jugulars
43
Name Venous Drainage
``` Superior Sagittal Sinus Inferior Sagittal Sinus Confluence of Sinuses Transverse Sinuses Sigmoid Sinuses Cavernous Sinuses Superior and Inferior Petrosal Sinuses ```
44
Confluence of Sinuses
Meeting of superior sgaittal, straight, and occipital
45
Transverse Sinuses
Drain the confluence and continue distally as the sigmoid sinuses, emptying into the internal jugular veins
46
Cavernous sinuses
Relation to danger triangle
47
CN 1
Olfactory - sensory for smell
48
CN II
Optic - sensory for vision
49
CN III
Oculomotor - motor to levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, sphincter pupillae, and ciliary muscles
50
CN IV
Trochler - motor to superior oblique
51
CN V
Trigeminal - sesnory from face and dura mater | Motor to muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, and mylohyoid
52
CN VI
Abducens - motor to lateral rectus
53
CN VII
Facial - Sensory from external acoustic meatus portion of auricle Taste from anterior 2/3 tongue Motor to submandibular, sublingual, and lacrimal glands Motor to muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, and stapedius
54
CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear - sensory for balance and hearing
55
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal - sensory from carotid belly and sinus, posterior 1/3 tongue, palatine tonsils, oropharynx, and mucosa of middle ear and pharyngotympanic tube Taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue Motor to parotid gland and stylopharyngeus
56
CN X
Vagus - sensory from larynx, laryngopharynx, parts of auricle and external acoustic meatus, aortic body chemoreceptors and aortic arch baroreceptors, esophagus, bronchi, lungs, heart, and abdominal viscera Taste from epiglottis and pharynx Motor to GI viscera, throacic viscera, larynx, pharynx, palatoglossus, and palate
57
CN XI
Accessory - Motor to trap and SCM
58
CN XII
Hypoglossal - Motor to intrinsic tongue muscles, hypoglossus, genioglossis, styloglossus

Anatomy Written 2 (11 decks)

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