Skull

Question 1

Foramen

Answer 1

hole

Question 2

Process

Answer 2

protruding structure’

Question 3

Meatus

Answer 3

canal, tunnel, deep grove

Question 4

Squamous

Answer 4

wide, flattened region

Question 5

Fossa

Answer 5

Depression

Question 6

Sinus

Answer 6

chamber

Question 7

Condyle

Answer 7

rounded articular surface

Question 8

Viscero or Splanchno

Answer 8

pertaining to organs

Question 9

Skull is divided into two parts

Answer 9

1. Neurocranium - 8 bones - brain/cranial vault

2. Viscerocranium - 15 bones - rest of facial area

Question 10

Bone Development (prenatal)

Answer 10

1. Enchondral - the cranial base, bones are joined by synchondroses
2. Intramembranous - cranial vault and viscerocranium, bones are joined by sutures

Question 11

Bone Development (postnatal)

Answer 11

Neurocranium bones are separated, but will “grow” closer together
Anterior and Posterior Fontanelles

Question 12

Sutures

Answer 12

Immobile, fibrous joints connecting MOST skull bones formed by intramembranous ossification

Question 13

Name sutures

Answer 13

Sagittal - btw right and left parietals
Coronal - btw frontal and parietals
Squamosal - btw temporal and parietal
Lambdoidal - btw occipital and parietals
Metopic - btw developing right and left frontal bones (obliterates)

Question 14

Clinical Correlation - Sutures

Answer 14

Craniosynostosis - premature fusion of sutures

Results in various skull shapes depending on affected structures

Question 15

Synchondroses

Answer 15

Immobile joints connecting cranial base bones formed by endochondral ossification
!. Sphenooccipital Synchondroses

Question 16

Clinical Correlation - Synchondroses

Answer 16

Achondroplasia - type of dwarfism
Affects endochondral ossification so results in short limb bones and a shortened cranial base because of premature closure of the synchondroses

Question 17

Temporal Mandibular Joint

Answer 17

(TMJ) - only movable joint in skull

Head of mandible (codyle) rides on articular tubercle, not against the mandibular fossa

Question 18

Frontal Bone

Answer 18

Neurocranium

Squamosal and orbital parts

Question 19

Temporal Bone

Answer 19

Neurocranium
Tympanic Part (technically viscerocranium)
Petro=mastoid part
Squamous part

Question 20

Occipital Bone

Answer 20

Neurocranium
Squamous part
Condylar Part
Basilar Part

Question 21

Ethmoid

Answer 21

Part of the neuro and viscercranium

Question 22

Bregma

Answer 22

The point where the sagittal and coronal sutures meet

Question 23

Lambda

Answer 23

The point at the intersection of the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures

Question 24

Glabella

Answer 24

The most anterior midline point of the frontal boen

Question 25

Nasion

Answer 25

The point of intersection of the nasofrontal suture and the mid-sagittal plane

Question 26

Pterion

Answer 26

The highly variabale area that represents the intersection of the frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and parietal bones Extremely thin and prone to fracture - damage to the middle meningial artery

Question 27

Vertex

Answer 27

Most superior part of the cranium, typically posterior to bregma

Question 28

Foramen Cecum

Answer 28

Nasal emissary vein to superior sagittal sinus

Question 29

Foramina in Cribriform PLate

Answer 29

Axons of olfactory neurons from CN 1

Question 30

Optic Canal

Answer 30

CN II | Ophthalmic arteries

Question 31

Superior Orbital Fissure

Answer 31

Ophthalmic veins Branches of ophthalmic CN V1 CN III, IV, VI (oculomotor, trochlear, abducens) Sympathetic Fibers

Question 32

Inferior Orbital Fissure

Answer 32

``` Maxillary nerve (CN V2) Infraorbital vessels ```

Question 33

Supraorbital Foramen (notch)

Answer 33

Supraorbital nerve and vessels

Question 34

Infraorbital Foramen

Answer 34

Infraorbital nerve and vessles (terminal branches of V2)

Question 35

Foramen Rotundum

Answer 35

Maxillary nerve CN V2

Question 36

Foramen Ovale

Answer 36

``` Mandibular nerve (V3) Accessory meningial artery ```

Question 37

Foramen Spinosum

Answer 37

Middle meningeal artery and vein

Question 38

Foramen Lacerum

Answer 38

In life this is covered by cartilage Internal carotid artery crosses over the foramen horizontally Sympathetic fibers and a venous plexus accompany the internal carotid artery

Question 39

Carotid Canal

Answer 39

Internal carotid artery (with surrounding nerve plexus)

Question 40

Internal Acoustic Meatus

Answer 40

Facial CN VII | Vestibulocochlear CN VIII

Question 41

Jugular Foramen

Answer 41

``` CN IX, CN X, CN XI (glosso, vagus, accessory) Sigmoid sinus (emptying into internal jugular vein) ```

Question 42

Condylar Canal

Answer 42

Emissary vein (sigmoid sinus to the vertebral veins)

Question 43

Hypoglossal Canal

Answer 43

CN XII (hypoglossal CN)

Question 44

Foramen Magnum

Answer 44

Medulla oblongata Vertebral arteries and veins Accessory CN XI Anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Question 45

Greater Palatine Foramen

Answer 45

Greater palatine nerve | Descending palatine vessels

Question 46

Lesser Palatine Foramen

Answer 46

Lesser palatine nerves

Question 47

Incisive Foramen

Answer 47

Nasopalatine nerve | Terminal branch of the descending septal artery

Question 48

Stylomastoid Foramen

Answer 48

Facial CN VII

Question 49

Mandibular Foramen/Canal

Answer 49

Inferior alveolar nerve and vessels

Question 50

Mental Foramen

Answer 50

``` Mental nerve (terminal branch of inferior alveolar nerve) Mental vessels (terminal branches of inferior alveolar artery and vein) ```