Brain and spinal cord

Question 1

What is the purpose of the primary somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe?

Answer 1

Involved in processing somatic sensations in different parts of the body.
Neurons are mapped depending on where they come from.

Question 2

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

Answer 2

Inner layer and outer layer.

Question 3

In between the two layers of the dura mater are the _____

Answer 3

Venous Sinuses
Superior sagittal sinus.

Question 4

Features of dura mater

Answer 4

Made of DCFT
Dural folds and reflections (made by the inner layer)
Venous sinuses located in between layers

Question 5

3 key features of dural folds

Answer 5

1. Formed from inner dural layer
2. Separate major divisions of the brain
3. Provide stability of the brain within the cranium

Question 6

Falx cerebri

Answer 6

Divides the cerebral hemispheres in half in the sagittal plane

Question 7

Falx cerebelli

Answer 7

Divides the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

Question 8

Tentorium cerebelli

Answer 8

Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Question 9

3 Key features of the venous sinuses

Answer 9

1. Located where the two layers of the dura mater separate
2. They contain veins which collect venous blood from the brain
3. They also collect old CSF after it has cycled through the ventricles

Question 10

Layer between the Pia mater and the inner dura mater

Answer 10

Arachnoid mater

Question 11

What is the Pia mater?

Answer 11

The inner most layer of the meninges, which adheres directly on top of the brain tissue.
Transparent and delicate.
Blood vessels sit on top of the Pia mater.

Question 12

The meninges cover _____

Answer 12

The brain and spinal cord

Question 13

Ventricles are

Answer 13

a number of connected spaces in the brain, filled with CSF.

Question 14

CSF is produced by

Answer 14

The choroid plexus, and is then circulated by ependymal cells

Question 15

Main function of CSF

Answer 15

Supply nutrients, remove wastes, and cushion the brain and spinal cord

Question 16

Circulation of CSF

Answer 16

Starts at lateral ventricles, moves through the ventricular system, and into the subarachnoid space, covering the brain and spinal cord. It then exits via the arachnoid granulations into the venous sinuses, and into the venous blood.

Question 17

4 lobes of the brain

Answer 17

Frontal lobe - motor cortex, personality, behaviour, language, mood
Parietal lobe - Controls somatosensory
Temporal lobe - Hearing, Memory
Occipital lobe - Vision

Question 18

What part of the brain controls vision

Answer 18

Occipital lobe

Question 19

What part of the brain controls personality, behaviour, language, and mood

Answer 19

Frontal lobe

Question 20

What part of the brain controls hearing and memory

Answer 20

Temporal lobe

Question 21

What part of the brain controls somatosensory?

Answer 21

Parietal lobe

Question 22

What part of the brain controls somatosensory?

Answer 22

Parietal lobe

Question 23

Purpose of Brainstem

Answer 23

Connects brain the spinal cord

Question 24

What parts make up the brainstem

Answer 24

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

Question 25

Sulci are

Answer 25

Valleys/grooves

Question 26

Gyri are

Answer 26

Ridges/hills

Question 27

Fissures are

Answer 27

Deep Valleys

Question 28

Central sulcus

Answer 28

Divides the pre central gyrus of the frontal lobe, to the post central gyrus of the parietal lobe

Question 29

Lateral sulcus

Answer 29

Divides the temporal lobe and frontal lobe

Question 30

Transverse fissure

Answer 30

Divides cerebellum and cerebrum

Question 31

Parieto-occipital sulcus

Answer 31

divides parietal lobe and occipital lobe

Question 32

Brain is made of

Answer 32

White matter and Grey Matter

Question 33

What are the three types of white matter tracts

Answer 33

1. Commisural Tract - axons cross side to side in both directions 2. Projection tracts - Axons extending between cortex and other CNS to area outside cerebrum 3. Association tracts - Axons on the same side within the cerebral cortex for communication between brain areas

Question 34

Purpose of the primary motor cortex

Answer 34

Involved in voluntary movement - execution Somatotypically organised - neurons are mapped depending on where they go in the body.

Question 35

How does the corticospinal pathway work?

Answer 35

1st (upper) neuron Cell body in primary motor cortex Axon extends at medulla and extends down the spinal cord Synapses with 2nd neuron in ventral horn of spinal cord 2nd (lower) neuron Cell body in ventral horn of spinal cord Axon extends from the spinal cord out the body, and synapses with skeletal muscle