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Bio 40B > Brain & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

major parts of the brain

A

brain stem, diencephalon, cerebrum, and cerebellum

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2
Q

cranial meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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3
Q

3 extensions of the dura mater

A

falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli

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4
Q

acts as a selective barrier to prevent passages of many substances that are harmful to the brain

A

blood brain barrier

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5
Q

clear, colorless fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord against chemical and physical injuries and carries O2, glucose, and other needed chemicals from blood to neurons and neuroglia

A

CSF

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6
Q

where is CSF formed

A

choroid plexuses (found in ventricles)

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7
Q

parts of the brainstem

A

medulla oblangata, pons, midbrain, reticular formation

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8
Q

structures of the medulla oblangata

A

pyramids and the inferior olvary nucleus

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9
Q

functions of the medulla oblangata

A

regulation of HR, RR, vasocontriction, swallowing, coughing, vomiting, sneezing, and hiccuping

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10
Q

relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements from cerebral cortex to cerebellum

A

pons

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11
Q

function of pons

A

plays a part in controlling respiration

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12
Q

structures of the midbrain

A

cerebral peduncles, corpora quadrigemina, substantia nigra, red nucleus, medial lemniscus

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13
Q

functions of the midbrain

A

conveys motor impulses from cerebrum to cerebellum and spinal cord, sends impulses from the spinal cord to the thalamus, regulates auditory and visual reflexes

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14
Q

parts of the reticular formation

A

small area of gray matter interspersed among fibers of white matter and has both sensory and motor functions

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15
Q

functions of the reticular formation

A

helps regulate muscle tone, alerts the cortex to incoming sensory signals, responsible for maintaining consciousness and awakening form sleep

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16
Q

parts of the cerebellum

A

2 hemispheres, and a central, constricted vermis

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17
Q

functions of the cerebellum

A

coordination of skeletal muscle contractions, maintenance of normal muscle tone, posture and balance

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18
Q

parts of the diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

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19
Q

functions of the thalamus

A

essential role in awareness and cognition

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20
Q

functions of the hypothalamus

A

one of major regulators of homeostasis
> regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns, regulates eating and drinking, aids in controlling body temp., regulates circadian rhythms and states of consciousness

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21
Q

____ secretes melatonin to influence diurnal cycles in conjuction with the hypothalamus

A

pineal gland

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22
Q

parts of the cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex, lobs, cerebral white matter, basal nuclei, limbic system

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23
Q

what separates the L and R hemispheres

A

longitudinal fissure

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24
Q

internal communication between hemispheres occurs via

A

corpus callosum

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25
4 cerebral lobes
frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
26
type of fiber that connect and transmit nerve impulses between gyri in the same hemisphere
association fibers
27
type of fiber that connect gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to the corresponding gyri in the opposite hemisphere
commissural fibers
28
type of fiber that form ascending and descending tracts that transmit impulses from the cerebrum to other parts of the brain and spinal cord
projection fibers
29
function of the limbic system
emotional aspects of behavior and memory, associated with pleasure and pain
30
concerned with reception and interpretation of sensory impulses primary somatosensory area, primary visual area, primary auditory area, primary gustatory area
sensory areas
31
regions that govern muscular movement primary motor area and Broca's speech area
motor areas
32
concerned with complex integrative functions such as memory, emotions, reasoning, will, judgement, personality traits, and intelligence - somatosensory area, auditory association area, Wernicke's area, common integrative area, premotor area, and language area
association areas
33
functional asymmetry of the hemispheres
hemispheric lateralization
34
responsible for R handed control, spoken and written language, and numerical and scientifically skills
left hemisphere
35
responsible for L hand control, musical and artistic awareness, space and pattern perception, insight, imagination and generating mental images of sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell
right hemisphere
36
types of brain waves
alpha, beta, theta, delta
37
how many cranial nerves
12 pairs
38
2 layers of cranial dura mater
periosteal layer and meningeal layer
39
how does CSF return to blood
superior saggital sinus
40
how does CSF drain
arachnoid villa
41
part of the circulation of CSF
lateral ventricle > interventricular foramen > 3rd ventricle > cerebral aqueduct > 2x lateral ventricles and 1x median aparture
42
describe the formation of circulation of CSF
created in the choroid plexus of ventricles and leak out through pathway and then pumped into and drain out through veins
43
name and function CN I
olfactory nerve; smell
44
name and function CN II
optic nerve; sight
45
name and function CN III
ocularmotor (movement of eyes)
46
name and function CN IV
trochlear; movement of eye
47
name and function CN V
trigeminal; sensation of jaws, sensation around eyes
48
name and function CN VI
abducens; movement of eyes
49
name and function CN VII
facial; taste, tears (back of tongue)
50
name and function CN VIII
auditory or vestibular cochlear; hearing, controls balance
51
name and function CN IX
glossopharyngeal; front of tongue
52
name and function CN X
vagus nerve; ANS, controls most of internal organs
53
name and function CN XI
spinal accessory; trapezius muscles and neck muscles
54
name and function CN XII
hypoglossal; movement of tongue, speech
55
the cranial meninges
cover the brain
56
the most superior part of the brain
cerebrum
57
blood-brain barrier is created by tight junction seals around brain capillaries formed by the
astrocytes
58
CSF is produced by
the choroid plexuses
59
the pyramids are located in the
medulla oblangata
60
the cerebral aqueduct passes
through the midbrain
61
the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers are located in the
pons
62
the principal motor fibers that decussate in the medulla originate in the
cerebral cortex
63
the region in the brain stem responsible for maintaining consciousness and awakening from sleep is the
reticular activating system
64
the arbor vitae is the white matter of the
cerebellum
65
what is true concerning the transverse fissure
It separates the cerebrum and cerebellum and contains that tentorium cerebelli
66
the part of the brain that functions to coordinate voluntary muscular movements and detect discrepances when movements are not being carried out correctly is the
cerebellum
67
the region of the brain that helps to control equilibrium is the
cerebellum
68
the principle relay station for sensory impulses as they pass to the cerebral cortex is the
thalamus
69
the hypothalamus is located in the
diencephalon
70
the corpus callosum is a bridge of __ tracts connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
commissural
71
projection fibers connect
the cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS
72
the basal ganglia control
large automatic movements of the skeletal muscles
73
the part of the limbic system that functions with the cerebrum in the process of memory is the
hippocampus
74
if a patient is having difficulty seeing, you might expect problems with the
occipital cortex
75
the primary motor area of the brain is in the
frontal cortex
76
if Broca's area of the cerebrum is damaged, the result is loss of
speech
77
the primary somatosensory cortex is located in the ___ lobe
parietal
78
a region located on the medial aspect of the temporal love receives impulses relating to
smell
79
the primary auditory area is located in the
temporal lobe
80
the region of the cerebral cortex that allows you to determine the exact shape and texture of an object without looking at it is the
somatosensory association area
81
which EEG brain waves indicate emotional stress
theta waves
82
which of the following indicates the correct order in which cranial nerves originate from the base of the brain
olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal
83
loss of the sense of smell could result from injury to which cranial nerve
CN I
84
a cranial nerve containing only sensory fibers is the
optic nerve
85
the oculomotor nerve originates in the
midbrain
86
the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves are branches of the
trigeminal nerve
87
a portion of cranial nerve __ actually originates from the spinal nerve
CN XI (accessory nerve)
88
the region in the brain responsible for awakening from sleep and maintaining consciousness is the
reticular activating system
89
the primary somatosensory area is located in the ___ lobe
parietal lobe
90
which region of the brain serves as the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem
thalamus
91
what is a primary function of the limbic system
emotions like fear and anger
92
which part of the brain contains the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus
diencephalon
93
if a patient is having sudden difficulty with their vision, you might expect problems with the
occipital lobe
94
which brain structure is responsible for visual and auditory reflexes
corpora quadregemina
95
the pyramids are motor tracts located in the
medulla oblangata
96
which of the following is a fluid-filled cavity located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum
lateral ventricle
97
part of the brain that passes through the midbrain
cerebral aqueduct
98
which finger-like projections found in the dural venous sinuses reabsorb CSF
arachnoid villi
99
which of the following are networks of capillaries that produce CSF and are found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain
choroid plexuses
100
the primary motor area of the brain is in the
frontal cortex
101
which extension/fold of the dura mater separates the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum
falx cerebri
102
which eeg brain waves indicate deep sleep or brain damage
delta waves
103
the arbor vitae is the white matter if the
cerebellum
104
the corpus callosum is a bridge that connects the 2 halves of the
cerebrum
105
which part of the brain contains the medulla, oblangata, pons and midbrain
brain stem
106
what is true conerning the transverse fissure
separates the cerebrum and cerebellum
107
the basal nuclei control
large automatic movements of the skeletal muscles

Bio 40B (25 decks)

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