CH 23 (Textbook Quiz)

Question 1

Mucous membranes of the nasal passages, nasopharynx and trachea are lined with what type of epithelium?

Answer 1

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 2

nerves, pulmonary vessels, and bronchi enter the lungs at the

Answer 2

hilus

Question 3

The first respiratory branches after the trachea are called

Answer 3

primary bronchi

Question 4

2 fissures and 3 lobes

Answer 4

Right lung

Question 5

During swallowing, the glottis is covered by

Answer 5

the epiglottis

Question 6

The respiratory membrane consists of

Answer 6

two layers of epithelial cells and 2 basement membranes

Question 7

Surface tension of the alveolar fluid is reduced by the presence of

Answer 7

surfactant

Question 8

The vocal folds are found in the

Answer 8

larynx

Question 9

Epithelial cells of the respiratory tract are ciliated. The function of these cilia is to

Answer 9

move mucus toward the pharynx

Question 10

Functionally, the bronchi are considered to be part of the __ portion of the respiratory system

Answer 10

conducting

Question 11

We hold our breath when lifting a heavy object by closing off the opening of the larynx using the

Answer 11

ventricular folds (false vocal cords)

Question 12

The most sensitive region of the respiratory tract for triggering the cough reflex is

Answer 12

carina

Question 13

The smallest and last tube the air flows through before it reaches the alveoli is the

Answer 13

alveolar duct

Question 14

The function of alveolar macrophages is

Answer 14

to remove dust particles and other debris from alveolar spaces

Question 15

The term pulmonary ventilation refers to

Answer 15

mechanics of breathing

Question 16

For inspiration to occur,

Answer 16

alveolar pressure must decrease

Question 17

Eupnea refers to

Answer 17

a normal pattern of quiet breathing

Question 18

The phrenic nerves innervate the

Answer 18

diaphragm

Question 19

Lung compliance is affected mainly by the amount of elastic tissue in the lungs and the

Answer 19

amount of surfactant

Question 20

When the diaphragm lowers during breathing

Answer 20

volume in the thoracic cavity increases

Question 21

During normal quiet breathing, the diaphragm descends and the alveolar pressure decreases about

Answer 21

2 mm Hg

Question 22

When we inhale:

Answer 22

both alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure decrease

Question 23

A modified respiratory pattern involves a series of convulsive inspirations followed by a single prolonged expiration. This pattern is characteristic of

Answer 23

sobbing

Question 24

the volume of air in one breath during normal relaxed breathing

Answer 24

tidal volume

Question 25

the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume is the

Answer 25

vital capacity

Question 26

after you inhale in a quiet inhalation, which lung volume does not contain any air

Answer 26

inspiratory reserve volume

Question 27

If the air we breathe contains 10 percent of Gas X, the partial pressure of Gas X is

Answer 27

76 mm Hg

Question 28

As blood enters the systemic capillaries

Answer 28

PO2 is high in the blood and low in the tissues

Question 29

Internal respiration occurs

Answer 29

between systemic capillaries and tissue cells

Question 30

In the lungs

Answer 30

PCO2 is low in the alveoli and high in the capillaries

Question 31

During internal and external respiration, gases move by

Answer 31

diffusion

Question 32

_____ Law states that each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if all the other gases were not present

Answer 32

Dalton's

Question 33

Although air contains about 79 percent nitrogen, very little of it dissolves in blood plasma because of its low solubility coefficient. This is an example of

Answer 33

Henry's Law

Question 34

Carbon dioxide binds to the globin portion of hemoglobin to form

Answer 34

carbaminohemoglobin

Question 35

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes

Answer 35

carbon dioxide to react with water

Question 36

When oxygen combines with the heme of hemoglobin, what is formed

Answer 36

oxyhemoglobin

Question 37

Some hydrogen ions in the blood are produced by the dissociation of

Answer 37

carbonic acid

Question 38

The amount of oxygen that can combine with heme is determined mainly by the

Answer 38

partial pressure of oxygen

Question 39

The amount of oxygen released by the hemoglobin molecules in the blood to the tissues

Answer 39

increases as blood pH decreases (acidity increases)

Question 40

Most carbon dioxide is carried in the blood

Answer 40

as part of a bicarbonate ion

Question 41

At a partial pressure of 105 mm Hg in the alveoli, the percent saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen in the pulmonary capillaries will be

Answer 41

almost 100 percent

Question 42

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is carried as

Answer 42

the bicarbonate ion

Question 43

Chemoreceptors in the brain are activated primarily by the presence of __ in the cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 43

hydrogen ions

Question 44

The rhythm of normal breathing is controlled by neurons located in the

Answer 44

medulla oblangata

Question 45

In normal, quiet breathing, the basic rhythm of respiration is determined almost entirely by the autorhythmic cells of the

Answer 45

inspiratory area

Question 46

The gradual increase in ventilation during moderate exercise is due to

Answer 46

chemical and physical changes in the bloodstream

Question 47

A disorder characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli is

Answer 47

emphysema

Question 48

An increase in pulmonary capillary permeability or an increase in pulmonary capillary pressure leads to

Answer 48

pulmonary edema

Question 49

_____ is a disorder characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway hypersensitivity to a variety of stimuli, and airway obstruction. Symptoms include chest tightness, coughing and wheezing

Answer 49

asthma

Question 50

By age seventy, the vital capacity can decrease as much as

Answer 50

35 percent

Question 51

The most common infectious cause of death in the United States is

Answer 51

pneumonia

Question 52

The respiratory system of infants born before 26 to 28 weeks gestation is

Answer 52

lacks sufficient surfactant for infant survival