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MED101 PSYCH > Brain Mechanisms I / II > Flashcards

Brain Mechanisms I / II Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two halves the cerebrum divided into called?

A

Left and right hemisphere

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2
Q

What is the fore brain of a developing brain called?

A

Prosencephalon

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3
Q

What is the mid brain of a developing brain called?

A

Mesencephalon

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4
Q

What is the hind brain of a developing brain called?

A

Rhombencephalon

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5
Q

What is the prosencephalon going to develop into?

A

Cerebrum

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6
Q

What is the mesencephalon going to develop into?

A

Mid brain

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7
Q

What is the hind brain going to develop into?

A

The pons, cerebellum and medulla

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8
Q

What are the 2 parts the prosencephalon divided into called?

A

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

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9
Q

What does the mesencephalon consist of?

A

Corpora quadrigemina
Tegmentum & tegtum
Cerebral peduncles

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10
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Rhombencephalon divided into called?

A

Metencephalon and Myelencephalon

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11
Q

What does the metencephalon consist of?

A

Pons
Cerebellum

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12
Q

What does the myelencephalon develop into?

A

Medulla oblongata

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13
Q

What are the two structures in the PNS?

A

Nerves and Ganglion

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14
Q

What are afferent neurones?

A

Carry info in to the central nervous system

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15
Q

What are efferent neurones?

A

Carry info away from the central nervous system

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16
Q

What are the 4 types of neurones?

A

Unipolar, Bipolar, Multipolar and Anaxonic

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17
Q

What is the definition of Unipolar?

A

Dendrite and axon emerging from the same process

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18
Q

What is the definition of Bipolar?

A

axon and single dendrite on opposite ends of the soma

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19
Q

Multipolar

A

two or more dendrites separate from the axon

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20
Q

Anaxonic

A

axon cannot be distinguished from dendrites

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21
Q

What are neuroglia?

A

Non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin and provide support and protection for neurones in the CNS and PNS

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22
Q

What are the 4 types of neuroglial cells in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells and microglia

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23
Q

What are the two types of glial cells in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells and satellite cells

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24
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

Forms the blood-brain barrier and regulate the external chemical environment of neurones

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25
What are oligodendrocytes?
Produce the myelin sheath
26
What are ependymal cells?
Involved in the creation and secretion of CSF
27
What are Schwann cells?
Provide myelination to axons in the PNS
28
What are Satellite cells?
Help to regulate the external chemical environment.
29
Why do we need a Blood Brain Barrier?
Because of it lack of uniformity/ selectively permeable
30
What are the two types of interneurones?
Excitatory and inhibitory
31
How do neurones communicate?
Synpatic Transmission
32
Where are neurotransmitters released from?
Synaptic buttons
33
What are the places synapses can occur?
On dendrites, on the soma and on other axons
34
What are the 3 types of synapses called?
Axodendritic, Axosomatic and Axoaxonic
35
Where are synaptic vessicles made?
In the soma
36
What is the name of the transport which carries the vesicles containing neurotransmitter?
Fast Axoplasmic transport
37
What does acetylcholine do?
Muscle control
38
What does epinephrine do?
Controls the "fight or flight" response
39
What does dopamine do?
Smooth movements, postural stability
40
What does serotonin do?
Mood, Sleeping, Eating, Dreaming
41
What does GABA do?
For Brain stabilization
42
What do endorphins do?
Natural painkillers
43
What are the 3 areas of the brain?
Forebrain, Mid brain and Hindbrain
44
What 3 structures does the fore brain contain?
Cerebrum, Thalamus and Hypothalamus
45
What 2 structures does the mid brain consist of?
The Tegtum and Tegmentum
46
What 3 structures does the hindbrain consist of?
The pons, medulla and cerebellum
47
What is referred to as the brainstem?
The mid brain, pons and medulla
48
What are 4 lobes in the cerebral cortex?
Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe and Temporal Lobe
49
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Reasoning, planning, movements, emotions and problem solving
50
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
Movement, Orientation and Recognition
51
What is the Occipital Lobe responsible for?
Visual perception and Processing
52
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Recognition of auditory stimuli, memory and speech
53
What are the 2 halves which divide the cerebrum known as?
Right hemisphere and Left hemisphere
54
Which hemisphere is responsible for creativity?
Right hemisphere
55
What is the name of the bundle of axons which connect the two hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
56
What is the role of cerebellum?
Helps with regulation and coordination of movement, posture and balance
57
Where is the limbic system located?
Cerebrum
58
What 4 structures does the limbic system consist of?
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Amygdala and Hippocampus
59
What is the role of the thalamus?
Centre for pain perception
60
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
Regulates homeostasis, emotion, thirst, hunger and control of the autonomic nervous system
61
What is the function of the amygdala?
Involved with memory and fear
62
What is the function of the hippocampus?
Learning, memory and converting short term memory to long term memory
63
What is the function of the midbrain?
Involved in vision, hearing, eye movement and body movement
64
What are the functions of the medulla oblongata and the pons?
For breathing and heart beat and blood pressure

MED101 PSYCH (15 decks)

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