Brain syndromes

Question 1

ventricular shunt placement

Answer 1

right frontal or left Parieto-occiptal preferred

Question 2

site for targeted brain biopsy

Answer 2

right anterior frontal lobe

Question 3

destructive unilateral frontal lesion

Answer 3

patient looks towards the lesion

Question 4

unilateral frontal lobe seizure

Answer 4

patients looks away from the lesion

Question 5

brocas aphasia

Answer 5

motor- so can’t speak

Question 6

wernickes aphasia

Answer 6

fluent aphasia

Question 7

conduction aphasia

Answer 7

intact auditory comprehension
fluent (yet paraphasic) speech production
but poor speech repetition

Question 8

transcortical motor aphasia- TMA (near brocas area)

Answer 8

word-finding difficulty
difficulty with sentence structure
lacking intonation and rhythm

Question 9

transcortical sensory aphasia -TSA

damage to temporal lobe

Answer 9

poor auditory comprehension
fluent speech
relatively intact repetition

Question 10

gertsmanns syndrome (angular gyrus)

Answer 10

left-right confusion
dyscalculia
finger anomia - can’t identify fingers
alexia- can’t comprehend written or printed word

Question 11

charcots artery of brain haemorrhage (lateral lenticulostriate)

Answer 11

usually hypertensive

Question 12

fetal posterior communicating artery

Answer 12

1/3 of people

PCA is supplied by the ICA

Question 13

dejerine- rouse syndrome

Answer 13

central or thalamic pain syndrome

Question 14

cavernous sinus syndrome

Answer 14

ophthalmoplegia
proptosis
horners syndrome
trigeminal sensory loss

Question 15

ramsay hunt syndrome

Answer 15

facial palsy

painful blisters in external ear due to shingles

Question 16

wernickes encephalopathy

Answer 16

vit B1(thiamine) deficiency 
can lead to korsakoffs psychosis- confabulation

Question 17

central cord syndrome (syringomyelia)

Answer 17

suspended pain and temp sensory loss

Question 18

dandy walker syndrome

Answer 18

absent median/lateral apertures
large 4th ventricle
small cerebellum

Question 19

arnold chiari malformation

Answer 19

posterior fossa contents ectopically located in cervical spine

Question 20

anterior spinal artery- anterior cord syndrome (artery of adamkiewicz)
- supplies lumbar and sacral cord

Answer 20

loss of urinary and faecal continence

loss of motor to legs

Question 21

abnormal cutaneous plantar reflex- babinskis sign

Answer 21

upgoing plantars = UMN lesion

Question 22

primative reflexes (frontal pathology)

Answer 22

palmomental
suckling/rooting
paratonia

Question 23

talk and die syndrome

Answer 23

extradural haematoma

ruptured middle meningeal artery from period fracture

Question 24

stria of gennari

Answer 24

white myelinated band found in primary visual cortex in calcarine sulcus

Question 25

giant cells of betz

Answer 25

layer 5 - internal pyramidal cell layer

Question 26

commons it's of hypertensive haemorrhage

Answer 26

putamen(60%) basal pons(10%) cerebellum (10%)

Question 27

common sites for circle of willis aneurysm

Answer 27

``` anterior communicating (35%) ICA branches (30%) MCA branches (25%) ```

Question 28

subacute combined degeneration of the cord

Answer 28

B12 deficiency, dorsal coloumn + corticospinal

Question 29

motor neurone disease/ALS

Answer 29

combines upper and lower motor neurone loss

Question 30

recurrent artery of heubner - medial striate artery

Answer 30

contra arm/face weakness | chorea

Question 31

anterior choroidal artery infarct

Answer 31

contralateral brachiofacial weakness | contralateral hemianopia

Question 32

ACA infarct or bifrontal tumour

Answer 32

abulia- apathy and loss of motivation

Question 33

dejerine syndrome - left posterior cerebral artery stroke including splenium

Answer 33

alexia without agraphia

Question 34

antons syndrome

Answer 34

cortical blindness- patient doesn't know they are blind

Question 35

neglect syndrome - right parietal lesion

Answer 35

hemispatial neglect | hemiattention

Question 36

frontal lesion

Answer 36

behavioural disinhibition

Question 37

anosognosia

Answer 37

lack of awareness of a neurological impairment e.g. paralysis - often in right ventral prefrontal cortex

Question 38

lesion sites that cause apraxia

Answer 38

left parietal SLF left frontal genu of callosum

Question 39

agnosia

Answer 39

defect in understanding the significance of sensory information

Question 40

trigeminal neuralgia (suicide disease)

Answer 40

lancinating pain in trigeminal territory

Question 41

bells palsy

Answer 41

LMN 7th palsy

Question 42

crocodile tears

Answer 42

aberrant reinervation- lacrimal vs. salivary gland

Question 43

left angular gyrus damage

Answer 43

agraphia without impairment of speech

Question 44

frontal eye field damage

Answer 44

eyes both look towards lesions because paralysed part of body isn't pulling them back

Question 45

aphasia

Answer 45

damage to language area