Brain syndromes pt 2

Question 1

midline cerebellar lesion

Answer 1

truncal ataxia

Question 2

lateral cerebellar lesion

Answer 2

clumsy hand dysarthria

Question 3

cerebellar lesions

Answer 3

Dysdiadochokinesia 
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Slurred speech 
Hypotonia

Question 4

decorticate posturing

Answer 4

high lesion

upper limbs flexed

Question 5

decerebrate posturing

Answer 5

stem lesion

upper limbs extended

Question 6

transtentorial herniation leads to

Answer 6

CN 3 compression

• sluggish pupil
• fixed + dilated pupil (blown)

Question 7

tonsillar herniation - coning due to raised iCP

Answer 7

avoid lumber puncture with supratentorial mass lesion

Question 8

subthalamic nucleus stroke

Answer 8

hemiballismus

Question 9

pituitary adenoma compressing optic chiasm

Answer 9

bitemporal hemianopia

Question 10

balints syndrome- posterior watershed syndrome

Answer 10

ocular apraxia - difficulty fixating eyes
optic ataxia - inability to move hand to object
simultanagnosia- inability to perceive visual fields as a whole

Question 11

fusiform gyrus lesions

Answer 11

non dominant (right)- prosopagnosia 
dominant (left) - dyslexia

Question 12

jacksonian seizures

Answer 12

focal motor seizures that progress along the motor homunculus

Question 13

sommers sector of the hippocampus

Answer 13

CA1 - hot spot for hypoxic/ischaemic injury

Question 14

bilateral frontal lesions (ACA)

Answer 14

akinetic mutism - lights on but nobody is home

Question 15

causes of anosmia

Answer 15

anterior cranial fossa fracture
olfactory groove meningioma
PD

Question 16

astereognosia

Answer 16

inability to recognise objects by exploratory touch- parietal association cortex

Question 17

acoustic neuroma- schwannoma of cerebellopontine angle

Answer 17

CN 7,8

ataxia

Question 18

tolosa hunt syndrome - inflammation at orbital apex

Answer 18

orbital pain

ocular palsy

Question 19

pseudobulbar palsy (corticobulbar tract)

Answer 19

emotional incontinence - crying, laughing

Question 20

ramsay hunt syndrome

Answer 20

herpes zoster
CN 7 geniculate ganglion
vesicles in external ear

Question 21

downbeat nystagmus implies what

Answer 21

lesion at cervicomedullary junction or cerebral aqueduct

Question 22

rest or pill rolling tremor

Answer 22

basal ganglia

PD

Question 23

intention tremor

Answer 23

cerebellar

Question 24

tabes dorsalis

Answer 24

dorsal coloumn demyelination due to syphillis

stamp and stick gait

Question 25

superior sagittal sinus thrombosis

Answer 25

delta sign on contrast enhanced CT

Question 26

gelastic seizures

Answer 26

sudden involuntary laughter or crying | lesion/haemorrhage in hypothalamus

Question 27

central pontine myelinolysis (CPM)

Answer 27

quadriplegia | bulbar weakness

Question 28

babinski nageotte syndrome

Answer 28

wallenberg | contra hemi with CN 12 sparing

Question 29

reinhold syndrome

Answer 29

true hemimedullary syndrome | hypoglossal palsy

Question 30

dysarthria clumsy hand syndrome

Answer 30

lacunar infarct of the basal pons

Question 31

conus medullaris is syndrome

Answer 31

``` sudden and bilateral ankle jerk affected lower back pain numbness in perianal area fasiculatations urinary retention causing overflow ```

Question 32

cauda equina syndrome

Answer 32

``` gradual and unilateral both ankle and knee jerk severe numbness in saddle area and pubic area atrophy erectile dysfunction urinary retention in late stage ```