Brain Tumor

Question 1

What is the most common solid tumor in childhood?

Answer 1

Brain tumors

Question 2

What percentage of childhood CNS tumors arise from glial cells?

Answer 2

60-70% of childhood CNS tumors arise from glial cells.

Question 3

What are the common symptoms of brain tumors in children?

Answer 3

Headache

Question 4

What is the most common cause of death among childhood cancers?

Answer 4

Brain tumors are the most common cause of death among childhood cancers.

Question 5

What is the overall mortality rate for childhood brain tumors?

Answer 5

The overall mortality rate is 45%.

Question 6

What familial syndromes are associated with childhood brain tumors?

Answer 6

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)

Question 7

What is the most common type of brain tumor in children aged 0-14 years?

Answer 7

Pilocytic astrocytomas and medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs).

Question 8

What is the most common type of brain tumor in adolescents aged 15-19 years?

Answer 8

Pituitary/craniopharyngeal tumors and pilocytic astrocytomas.

Question 9

What is the WHO grading system for pediatric brain tumors?

Answer 9

Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 10

What are the common symptoms of supratentorial tumors?

Answer 10

Increased intracranial pressure

Question 11

What are the common symptoms of infratentorial tumors?

Answer 11

Disorders of equilibrium

Question 12

What is the standard neuroimaging modality for pediatric CNS tumors?

Answer 12

MRI with and without gadolinium.

Question 13

What are the treatment options for childhood brain tumors?

Answer 13

Surgery

Question 14

What are the common complications in survivors of childhood brain tumors?

Answer 14

Neurologic

Question 15

What is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children?

Answer 15

Neuroblastoma.

Question 16

What is the median age at diagnosis for neuroblastoma?

Answer 16

2 years.

Question 17

What percentage of neuroblastoma cases are diagnosed before 5 years of age?

Answer 17

0.9

Question 18

What are the common clinical manifestations of neuroblastoma?

Answer 18

Abdominal mass

Question 19

What are the common sites of metastasis for neuroblastoma?

Answer 19

Long bones

Question 20

What are the diagnostic tests for neuroblastoma?

Answer 20

Blood counts

Question 21

What is the most common primary malignant renal tumor in childhood?

Answer 21

Wilms’ tumor (nephroblastoma).

Question 22

What is the median age at diagnosis for Wilms’ tumor?

Answer 22

2-5 years.

Question 23

What are the common clinical manifestations of Wilms’ tumor?

Answer 23

Asymptomatic abdominal mass

Question 24

What are the diagnostic studies for Wilms’ tumor?

Answer 24

Abdominal ultrasound

Question 25

What is the treatment for Wilms' tumor?

Answer 25

Surgery (nephrectomy)

Question 26

What is the prognosis for Wilms' tumor?

Answer 26

Over 60% of patients with all stages generally survive.

Question 27

What is retinoblastoma?

Answer 27

A malignant congenital tumor of the retina.

Question 28

What is the median age at diagnosis for retinoblastoma?

Answer 28

2 years.

Question 29

What are the common presenting features of retinoblastoma?

Answer 29

Leukocoria

Question 30

What are the treatment options for retinoblastoma?

Answer 30

Surgical management (enucleation)

Question 31

What is the survival rate for retinoblastoma?

Answer 31

80-90% of all patients survive after risk-adapted therapy.

Question 32

What is rhabdomyosarcoma?

Answer 32

A malignant tumor arising from embryonic mesenchyme of striated skeletal muscle.

Question 33

What is the most common type of rhabdomyosarcoma in children?

Answer 33

Embryonal type (60%).

Question 34

What are the common clinical symptoms of rhabdomyosarcoma?

Answer 34

Pain

Question 35

What are the diagnostic tests for rhabdomyosarcoma?

Answer 35

CBC

Question 36

What is the treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma?

Answer 36

Surgery

Question 37

What is osteosarcoma?

Answer 37

A primary malignant bone tumor

Question 38

What is the most common symptom of osteosarcoma?

Answer 38

Pain originating from the involved region

Question 39

What are the common locations for osteosarcoma?

Answer 39

Distal femoral and proximal tibial metaphyses

Question 40

What is the treatment for osteosarcoma?

Answer 40

Surgery and chemotherapy.

Question 41

What is Ewing sarcoma?

Answer 41

The second most common malignant bone tumor in children.

Question 42

What are the common symptoms of Ewing sarcoma?

Answer 42

Pain

Question 43

What are the diagnostic tests for Ewing sarcoma?

Answer 43

Imaging studies (X-ray

Question 44

What is the treatment for Ewing sarcoma?

Answer 44

Chemotherapy

Question 45

What is the prognosis for Ewing sarcoma?

Answer 45

Prognosis depends on the stage and response to treatment.