Urti

Question 1

front

Answer 1

back

Question 2

What is the common cold?

Answer 2

An acute, self-limiting viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, characterized by rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction.

Question 3

What is the most common cause of the common cold?

Answer 3

Rhinoviruses, responsible for 50% of cases.

Question 4

What are the typical symptoms of the common cold?

Answer 4

Rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, sore throat, and cough.

Question 5

What is the peak incidence of the common cold?

Answer 5

From early fall to late spring.

Question 6

What is the role of hand hygiene in preventing the common cold?

Answer 6

Reduces the spread of viruses through direct contact.

Question 7

What are the complications of the common cold?

Answer 7

Otitis media, sinusitis, and exacerbation of asthma.

Question 8

What is the treatment for the common cold?

Answer 8

Supportive care, including hydration, nasal saline, and NSAIDs for discomfort.

Question 9

What is bacterial sinusitis?

Answer 9

An inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, usually due to bacterial infection.

Question 10

What are the common bacterial causes of sinusitis?

Answer 10

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.

Question 11

What are the symptoms of bacterial sinusitis?

Answer 11

Fever, cough, purulent nasal discharge, and facial pain.

Question 12

What is the treatment for bacterial sinusitis?

Answer 12

Antibiotics such as amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate.

Question 13

What are the complications of bacterial sinusitis?

Answer 13

Orbital cellulitis, intracranial abscess, and meningitis.

Question 14

What is pharyngitis?

Answer 14

Inflammation of the pharynx, often caused by viral or bacterial infections.

Question 15

What is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis?

Answer 15

Group A Streptococcus (GAS).

Question 16

What are the symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis?

Answer 16

Sore throat, fever, absence of cough, and tonsillar exudate.

Question 17

What is the treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis?

Answer 17

Penicillin or amoxicillin to prevent rheumatic fever.

Question 18

What are the complications of streptococcal pharyngitis?

Answer 18

Acute rheumatic fever, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and peritonsillar abscess.

Question 19

What is otitis media?

Answer 19

Inflammation of the middle ear, often due to infection.

Question 20

What are the common bacterial causes of otitis media?

Answer 20

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.

Question 21

What are the symptoms of otitis media?

Answer 21

Ear pain, fever, irritability, and hearing loss.

Question 22

What is the treatment for otitis media?

Answer 22

Antibiotics such as amoxicillin for bacterial infections.

Question 23

What are the complications of otitis media?

Answer 23

Hearing loss, tympanic membrane perforation, and mastoiditis.

Question 24

What is croup?

Answer 24

An acute inflammatory disease of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough and stridor.

Question 25

What is the most common cause of croup?

Answer 25

Parainfluenza virus, responsible for 75% of cases.

Question 26

What are the symptoms of croup?

Answer 26

Barking cough, hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, and respiratory distress.

Question 27

What is the treatment for croup?

Answer 27

Dexamethasone and nebulized epinephrine for moderate to severe cases.

Question 28

What are the complications of croup?

Answer 28

Respiratory failure and the need for intubation.

Question 29

What is epiglottitis?

Answer 29

A life-threatening inflammation of the epiglottis, often due to bacterial infection.

Question 30

What is the most common cause of epiglottitis?

Answer 30

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), though less common due to vaccination.

Question 31

What are the symptoms of epiglottitis?

Answer 31

Sudden onset of fever, sore throat, drooling, and respiratory distress.

Question 32

What is the treatment for epiglottitis?

Answer 32

Immediate airway management and antibiotics such as ceftriaxone.

Question 33

What are the complications of epiglottitis?

Answer 33

Airway obstruction and respiratory failure.

Question 34

What is bacterial tracheitis?

Answer 34

A bacterial infection of the trachea, often following a viral respiratory infection.

Question 35

What is the most common cause of bacterial tracheitis?

Answer 35

Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 36

What are the symptoms of bacterial tracheitis?

Answer 36

Brassy cough, high fever, and respiratory distress.

Question 37

What is the treatment for bacterial tracheitis?

Answer 37

Antibiotics such as vancomycin and ceftriaxone.

Question 38

What are the complications of bacterial tracheitis?

Answer 38

Airway obstruction and the need for intubation.

Question 39

What is the role of vaccination in preventing upper respiratory infections?

Answer 39

Vaccines for influenza, pneumococcus, and Hib reduce the incidence of severe infections.

Question 40

What is the role of handwashing in preventing upper respiratory infections?

Answer 40

Reduces the spread of respiratory viruses and bacteria.

Question 41

What is the role of breastfeeding in preventing upper respiratory infections?

Answer 41

Provides passive immunity and reduces the risk of infections in infants.

Question 42

What is the role of environmental factors in upper respiratory infections?

Answer 42

Exposure to tobacco smoke and indoor pollution increases the risk of infections.

Question 43

What is the role of daycare attendance in upper respiratory infections?

Answer 43

Children in daycare have a higher incidence of respiratory infections due to close contact.

Question 44

What is the role of age in upper respiratory infections?

Answer 44

Young children are more susceptible due to immature immune systems.

Question 45

What is the role of seasonality in upper respiratory infections?

Answer 45

Infections are more common in fall and winter due to increased viral circulation.

Question 46

What is the role of antibiotics in upper respiratory infections?

Answer 46

Antibiotics are only effective for bacterial infections, not viral infections.

Question 47

What is the role of corticosteroids in upper respiratory infections?

Answer 47

Used in croup and severe cases of inflammation to reduce airway swelling.

Question 48

What is the role of antipyretics in upper respiratory infections?

Answer 48

Used to reduce fever and discomfort, but do not treat the underlying infection.

Question 49

What is the role of nasal saline in upper respiratory infections?

Answer 49

Helps relieve nasal congestion and improve breathing.

Question 50

What is the role of hydration in upper respiratory infections?

Answer 50

Prevents dehydration and helps thin mucus secretions.

Question 51

What is the role of rest in upper respiratory infections?

Answer 51

Supports the immune system and promotes recovery.

Question 52

What is the role of humidifiers in upper respiratory infections?

Answer 52

Helps relieve nasal congestion and soothe irritated airways.