BrainScapeDeck_BIO1022 Life on Earth_4

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT correct?

Select one:

a. frog: a closed circulatory system with a 4-chambered heart
b. rabbit: a closed circulatory system with a 4-chambered heart
c. sea anemone: no circulatory system
d. bird: a closed circulatory system with a 4-chambered heart

Answer 1

Frog having a 4 chambered heart

The frog heart has 3 chambers: two atria and a single ventricle.

Question 2

You have a tree that you want to grow to fence height (around 1.6 metres) which allows easy access to the top for trimming. You also want it to grow outwards to provide a “bushy” type of growth from its base to the top.

To encourage this type of growth you would:

Answer 2

Trim the tips of the branches growing straight up

Question 3

Only cells close to the shoot tip of plants divide as a result of:

Answer 3

The expression of meristem identity genes controlled by chemical signals produced by cells at the tip of the stem

Question 4

Fossils show that leaves in vascular plants evolved from:

Answer 4

Branches that lost the ability for continued growth

Question 5

Which floral parts are directly involved in pollination or fertilization?

4 parts

Answer 5

Stigma

Anther

Carpel

Style

Question 6

What is a Polyploidy that occurs due to hybridisation called?

Answer 6

Allopolyploidy

Polyploidy can occur due to hybridisation or through an error in replication during reproduction between members of a single species

Question 7

What are anatomical changes that would be associated with a transition from four to two legs?

Answer 7

S-shaped spine

Repositioned foramen magnum

Narrower human foot

Question 8

Given the below characteristics an animal is likely

A water dwelling animal with:

• Pharyngeal slits
• Post anal tail
• A dorsal nerve cord and a cartilaginous skeleton
• But no jaw is found.

Given these characteristics this animal is likely

Answer 8

A lamprey

Question 9

The TCR of CD8+ T-cells will only interact with what?

Answer 9

MHC class I

Question 10

What is a correct pathway in the adaptive immune response to a virally infected liver cell?

Answer 10

The infected cell presents viral antigen using MHC class I

• > the antigen is recognised by a cytotoxic T cell
• > the infected cell is destroyed

Question 11

What is this is an example of?

You visit Melbourne zoo and watch the seal show. You notice that after the seal performs each trick, the trainer, feeds the seal a fish.

Answer 11

Operant Conditioning

Question 12

What do the mammalian trachea and oesophagus both connect to?

Answer 12

Pharynx

Question 13

If a person’s bone marrow were destroyed by radiation what could not be produced

4 examples

Answer 13

B cells

T cells

Erythrocytes

neutrophils

Question 14

What are Nematodes characterized as?

Answer 14

Playing an important role in decomposition

Having a pseudocoelom

Having a complete digestive system and often being parasitic.

Question 15

How are corals able to photosynthesise?

Answer 15

Corals contain photosynthetic algae, which provides the coral with organic chemicals

Extra information:

• Coral polyps produce carbon dioxide and water as byproducts of cellular respiration.
• The zooxanthellae cells use the carbon dioxide and water to carry out photosynthesis.
• Sugars, lipids (fats) and oxygen are some of the products of photosynthesis which the zooxanthellae cells produce.
• The coral polyp then uses these products to grow and carry out cellular respiration.
• The tight recycling of products between the polyp cells and the zooxanthellae is the driving force behind the growth and productivity of coral reefs.

Question 16

Which part of the flowering plant develops into a seed?

Answer 16

Ovule

Question 17

A local council pool had problems with ducks congregating around the outdoor pool area and creating major cleaning problems and, at times, became a little aggressive towards pool patrons when looking after their chicks.

To eradicate the problem, a maintenance worker constructed a hawk shaped silhoutte structure that he mounted over the pool.

The duck population, for a period of time, disappeared.

To the frustration of the maintenance worker, the ducks returned within a two week period.

What could the return of the ducks to the area be explained by?

Answer 17

Habituation

Question 18

The body forms of plants within the same species have the potential to have a greater variation in body forms than body forms of animals within the same species.

This is because:

Answer 18

Plant growth and development are governed by hormones

Question 19

What is a reduction or elimination of a behavioral response due to a repeatedly presented stimulus called?

Answer 19

Habituation

Question 20

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Select one:

a. Professional antigen presenting cells carry MHC class I
b. Professional antigen presenting cells carry MHC class II
c. Non-professional antigen presenting cells carry MHC class I
d. Non-professional antigen presenting cells carry MHC class II

Answer 20

Option d is false

Non-professional antigen presenting cells include all nucleated cell types in the body. They use an MHC class I molecule coupled to beta-2 microglobulin to display endogenous peptides on the cell membrane.

Question 21

In 2013, a cave system in Johannesburg uncovered the bones of a new Homo species – H. naledi . The placement of these bones (of at least 15 individuals) in this very difficult to access caves seems to be deliberate. Complex social rituals like burial ceremonies support that these early Homo species

Answer 21

Used articulate speech

Question 22

True or False?

Breathing in mammals is achieved using tidal flow through positive pressure lungs

Answer 22

False

Positive pressure is supplied by a ventilator when a human is anaesthetised.

Question 23

Roots are capable of:

Answer 23

Both primarty and secondary growth

The increase in length of the shoot and the root is referred to as primary growth. It is the result of cell division in the shoot apical meristem.

Secondary growth is characterized by an increase in thickness or girth of the plant. It is caused by cell division in the lateral meristem.

Question 24

Which group of animals transitioned to land first?

Answer 24

Arthropods

Question 25

**What do all phyla of vascular plants have?**

Answer 25

Alternation of generations Dominance of the diploid generation Xylem and phloem The addition of lignin to cell walls

Question 26

**What is a the correct pathway in the adaptive immune response to an extracellular bacterial cell?**

Answer 26

Recognised by its PAMPs and phagocytosed - \> antigens presented via MHC class II - \> binding of T helper cells initiating a humoral response

Question 27

**In the life cycles of all land plants, there is true alternation of generations.** ## Footnote This means

Answer 27

Meiosis in sporophytes produces haploid spores ## Footnote Explanatory detail (not in question): In platns fertilization gives rise to a multicellular diploid sporophyte, which produces haploid spores via meiosis. This type of life cycle is called a haplodiplontic life cycle. It differs from animal diplontic life cycle, in which only the gametes are in the haploid state. In haplodiplontic life cycles, gametes are not the direct result of a meiotic division.

Question 28

**Where and by which process are sperm produced in plants?**

Answer 28

Mitosis in male gametophytes

Question 29

**What is bile used for in humans?**

Answer 29

It is involved in the mechanical breakdown of lipids

Question 30

**In ferns, sori are clusters of sporangia, each of which contains many what?**

Answer 30

Haploid spores

Question 31

**What is this data refered to as?** ## Footnote A biologist surveys a national park. She counts the number of different species of plants and animals in the park. There are 27 plant species and 5 mammal species.

Answer 31

Species Richness