Brainstem

Question 1

What CNs have midline motor nuclei?

Answer 1

3, 4, 6, 12

CNs that divide into 12

Question 2

In regards to Benedikt Syndrome which is a midbrain stroke syndrome, what do you lose?

Answer 2

1) CN 3
2) ML
3) Red nucleus

Question 3

Lateral Pontine syndrome affects what structures?

Answer 3

1) Vestibular nuclei
2) Spinothalamic tract
3) Spinal V nucleus
4) Sympathetic tract
5) Facial nucleus
6) Cochlear nuclei

Question 4

What is the red nucleus important for?

Answer 4

Fine tuning of movements

Question 5

What artery causes most of the Lateral strokes in the medulla?

Answer 5

PICA

Question 6

What does damage to medial longitudinal fasciculus result in?

Answer 6

Problems with ipsilateral lateral gaze (internuclear ophthalmoplegia)

Question 7

What are the four lateral (side) columns?

Answer 7

1) Sympathetic
2) Spinothalamic
3) Sensory of CN 5
4) Spinocerebellar

(All start with S)

Question 8

Damage to CN3 leads to?

Answer 8

Oculomotor palsy (gaze down/out and pupil dilated)

Question 9

What can cause both non-communicating hydrocephalus along with Parinaud’s syndrome?

Answer 9

Pineal tumor

Question 10

Damage to ML leads to?

Answer 10

Contralateral loss of proprioception and vibration

Question 11

What artery causes most of the medial strokes in the medulla?

Answer 11

ASA

Question 12

Damage to hypothalamospinal tract will lead to?

Answer 12

Horner’s

Question 13

What happens if there is a lesion in CN 6?

Answer 13

Lateral eye movement loss

Question 14

Damage to cochlear nuclei leads to?

Answer 14

1) Deafness

Question 15

Damage to CN 8 leads to?

Answer 15

Hearing loss

Question 16

Medial Pontine syndrome affects what structures?

Answer 16

1) Corticospinal tract
2) CN 6
3) CN 7

Question 17

What can cause Lateral Pontine syndrome?

Answer 17

AICA stroke

Question 18

What does the cerebral peduncle carry?

Damage to this area will cause what?

Answer 18

1) Motor fibers

2) Upper motor neuron paralysis of the face and LE

Question 19

What CN’s share Nucleus Ambiguus?

Answer 19

CN 9, 10, 11

Question 20

What can cause Lateral medullary syndrome?

Answer 20

PICA stroke

Question 21

What happens if there is a lesion in CN 8?

Answer 21

Hearing loss, nausea, vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus

Question 22

What happens if there is a lesion in CN 7?

Answer 22

Facial droop and loss of corneal reflex

Question 23

Damage to corticobulbar tract leads to?

Answer 23

Pseudobulbar palsy

Question 24

Damage to sensory nucleus of CN 5 leads to?

Answer 24

Ipsilateral pain/temp loss in face

Question 25

Lesion at CN 12 will result in what?

Answer 25

Flaccid paralysis of tongue with deviation to side of lesion

Question 26

What artery causes most of the medial strokes in the Pons?

Answer 26

Basilar

Question 27

What type of information does the hypothalamospinal tract carry?

Answer 27

Sympathetic nerve fibers from thalamus

Question 28

What can cause medial medullary syndrome?

Answer 28

Anterior spinal artery stroke

Question 29

Damage to spinal V nucleus leads to?

Answer 29

Loss of ipsilateral pain/temp of face

Question 30

Medial medullary syndrome affects what structures?

Answer 30

1) Corticospinal 2) ML 3) CN 12

Question 31

Damage to red nucleus leads to?

Answer 31

Tremor and ataxia

Question 32

What artery causes most of the lateral strokes in the Pons?

Answer 32

AICA

Question 33

Lateral medullary syndrome (Wallenberg's Syndrome) affects what structures?

Answer 33

1) Vestibular nuclei 2) Sympathetic tract 3) Spinothalamic tract 4) SPinal V nucleus 5) Nucleus ambiguus

Question 34

Damage to spinothalamic tract leads to?

Answer 34

Loss of contralateral pain/temp of body

Question 35

What happens if there is a lesion at spinal trigeminal nucleus carry?

Answer 35

Loss of pain and temperature sensations to the face

Question 36

Damage to spinocerebellar leads to?

Answer 36

Ipsilateral ataxia

Question 37

What CNs have lateral motor nuclei?

Answer 37

5, 7, 9, 11 | CNs that don't divide into 12

Question 38

What does medial lemniscus carry?

Answer 38

Proprioception and vibration

Question 39

In regards to Parinaud's syndrome, which is a midbrain stroke syndrome, what structures are affected?

Answer 39

1) Superior colliculus | 2) Pretectal area

Question 40

What artery causes most of the strokes in the midbrain?

Answer 40

PCA

Question 41

In regards to Weber's syndrome which is a midbrain stroke syndrome, what do you lose?

Answer 41

1) CN 3 2) Corticospinal tract 3) Corticobulbar tract

Question 42

Damage to sympathetic tract leads to?

Answer 42

Ipsilateral Horner's syndrome

Question 43

What does spinothalamic tract carry?

Answer 43

Pain and temperature

Question 44

Damage to superior colliculus and pretectal area leads to?

Answer 44

Vertical gaze palsy (can't look up)

Question 45

What is pseudobulbar palsy?

Answer 45

1) UMN cranial nerve motor weakness 2) Exaggerated gag reflex 3) Tongue spastic 4) Spastic dysarthria

Question 46

Damage to nucleus ambiguus leads to?

Answer 46

Hoarseness and dysphagia

Question 47

What type of information goes to nucleus solitarius and dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve?

Answer 47

Autonomic sensory

Question 48

Damage to corticospinal tract leads to?

Answer 48

Contralateral hemiparesis (upper motor neuron paralysis)

Question 49

What are the four midline columns?

Answer 49

1) Motor nucleus 2) Motor pathway (corticospinal tract) 3) MLF 4) ML (All start with M)