Brainstem; Medulla

Question 1

lesion of corticospinal fibers above the pyramidal decussation

Answer 1

contralateral motor deficit

Question 2

lesion of corticospinal fibers below the pyramidal decussation

Answer 2

ipsilat motor deficits (ie in the SC)

Question 3

lesion of STT in medulla

Answer 3

contralat loss of pain and temp sensation from body

Question 4

1st order neurons of the dorsal column

Answer 4

DRG

Question 5

gracile and cuneate fasciculi carry what info

Answer 5

epicritic sensation

- conscious proprioception and fine touch

Question 6

unilateral lesion of FC and FC in medulla at the level of the pyramidal decussation

Answer 6

ipsilateral loss of fine tough and prorioception

Question 7

spinal nucleus of V

Answer 7

brainstem continuation of dorsal horn, but input from trigeminal n. from face via Spinal tract of V
contains 2nd order nuerons
relay info -> contralateral VPM
info; protopathic; temp, pain, crude touch

Question 8

spinal nucleus of V, relays what type of info where?

Answer 8

protophathic info from face (pain, temp, crude touch)
to; VPM nucleus of the thalamus
via; STT

Question 9

lesion of spinal nucleus of V or spinal tract of V

Answer 9

ipsilateral loss of pain and temp sensation form the face

loss of blink relfex (afferent limb)

Question 10

sensory decussation

Answer 10

axons from 2ndary sens neurons in gracile and cuneate nuc decussate as internal arcuate fibers and become the medial lemniscus

Question 11

lesion above the pyramidal decussation

Answer 11

contralateral UMN symptoms
(spastic paralysis, babinsky respons, hemiparethesis)
contralat loss of epicritic info from body

Question 12

lesion of CN XII

Answer 12

hypoglossal n

impsilat weakness, fasciculations, and ipsilat deviation of tongue upon protrusion

Question 13

medial lemniscus =

Answer 13

axons of 2ndary sensory neurons in contralat gracile & cuneate nuclei

Question 14

internal arcuate fibers =

Answer 14

decussating sensory fibers before they form the medial lemniscus

Question 15

lesion of medial lemniscus

Answer 15

contralat loss in conscious prop and fine touch info

Question 16

somatotopy of medial lemniscus

Answer 16

info from lower limb = ventrally
info from upper limb = dorsally
(the man standing)

Question 17

lateral (accessory) cuneate nucleus

Answer 17

relays unconscious info from upper limbs -> cerebellum

Question 18

spinal nucleus of V, spinal tract of V

Answer 18

trigeminal n input from face
protopathic pain (pain, temp, crude tough)
to contralateral VPM nucleus of thalamus
Via; STT

Question 19

lesion of spinal nucleus and tract of V

Answer 19

ipsilateral loss of pain and temp sensation from face

loss of blink reflex (afferent limb - sensory)

Question 20

role of inferior olivary nucleus

Answer 20

beleived to play a role in motor learning via its connections (climbing fibers) with the cerebellum

Question 21

lesion of CN XII

Answer 21

hypoglossal nerve
LMN signs
ipsilat deviation of the tongue

Question 22

solitary nucleus and tract recieves

Answer 22

general visceral sensation and special gustatory info

Question 23

lesion of salitary nucleus and tract

Answer 23

ipsilateral loss of taste sensation

Question 24

medial and inferior vestibular nuclei, lesion

Answer 24

part of balance control system

imbalance, nystagmus away from the lesion and dizziness

Question 25

dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, lesion

Answer 25

1st relay for auditory info forom cochlear n | ipsilat loss in hearing

Question 26

lesion of inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 26

``` cerebellar ataxia (lack of vol coor of mmm mvmts) hypertonia (ab increase in mm tension) ```

Question 27

the STT travels with what other tracts?

Answer 27

spinomesencephalic spinoreticular tract all together these 3 = anterolateral system or spinal lemniscus

Question 28

locations of VSCT crossings

Answer 28

1st ventral white commissure | 2nd superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 29

medullary reticular formation

Answer 29

contributes to several functions; | sleep-arousal cycle, motor control, regulation of visceral activity

Question 30

origin of MRST

Answer 30

the medullary reticulospinal tract originates from the nnucleus gigantocellularis and terminates in spinal cord

Question 31

main function of MRST

Answer 31

facilitate flexor motor neurons | inhibit extensor motor neurons

Question 32

nucleus ambiguus

Answer 32

motor neurons controlling pharynx and larynx muscles | dorsal to inf olive w/in medullary reticular formation (difficult to id)

Question 33

lesion of nucleus ambiguus

Answer 33

loss of gag reflex (efferent limb) | horse voice and dysphagia

Question 34

lesion of the pyramid in the open medulla

Answer 34

-above the decussation; | contralat motor deficit

Question 35

somatotopy of the medial lemniscus in the medulla

Answer 35

oriented vertically ventral - Lower limb (epicritic info) dorsal - Upper limb (epicritic info) (epicritic info = fine touch/proprioception)

Question 36

unilateral lesion of the medial lemniscus

Answer 36

contralat loss in proprioception and fine touch sensation from the body

Question 37

origin of the tectospinal tract

Answer 37

neurons in the superior colliculus

Question 38

function of the tectospinal tract

Answer 38

involved in the reflex of orientation of the head in response to visual, auditory, and somesthetic stimuli

Question 39

medial longitudinal fasiculus

Answer 39

ascending and descending tracts involved in control of head/neck mvmt and coordination of the vestibulo ocular reflex (located; dorsal (above) tectospinal tract, which is above the medial lemniscus)

Question 40

unilat lesion of vestibular nuclei

Answer 40

imbalance nystagmus away from the lesion dizziness

Question 41

lateral vestibulospinal tract

Answer 41

LVST descends to all spinal cord faciliates MN controlling Antigrav Extensor mm

Question 42

medial vestibular nucleus

Answer 42

origin of medial vestibulospinal tract MVST | terminates at C and high T levels to control head/neck in relation to gravity

Question 43

dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei

Answer 43

1st relay for Auditory info entering via the cochlear nerve

Question 44

unilateral lesion of cochlear nuclei

Answer 44

ipsilat loss in hearing

Question 45

inf cerebellar peduncle

Answer 45

includes many tracts - all cerebellar

Question 46

spinal nucleus and tract of V

Answer 46

carry pain and temp sens from face

Question 47

lesion of spinal nucleus and tract of V

Answer 47

ipsilat loss of pain and temp sens from the face | loss of blink reflex (afferent - sens limb)

Question 48

function of VSCT

Answer 48

provides the cerebellum with a motor copy (eff copy) of what the spinal motor neurons are being told to do

Question 49

medullary reticular formation

Answer 49

cont to sleep-arousal cycle, motor control, reg of visceral activity

Question 50

nucleus perpositus

Answer 50

involved in the control of eye mvmts (higher up in the midbrain aboveish the hypoglosseal nuc)

Question 51

lesion of the gracile or cuneate nucleus

Answer 51

ipsilat loss of epicritic info