Hyp-Functions Flashcards by teri miller

Hypothalamus - Functions

Posterior Nucleus; function & loc

Sympathetic output (fight or flight)
Thermogenesis

(posterior region)

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Tuberomammillary nucleus; function & loc

Histamine sys - Promoting Wakefullness

posterior region

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Fornix

memory consolidation
projects from hippocampus to mammillary bodies

(Posterior region of hypothalamus)

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Mammillary body; function

memory consolidation

posterior region

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Lateral Hypothalamus; function

feeding center
orexin sys - promoting wakefulness & appetite

(posterior region)

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Posterior Region - consists of;

Posterior nucleus
Tuberomammillary nuc
Mammillary body
Lateral hypothalamus

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Tuberal Region - consists of;

Lateral Hypothalamus
Ventromedial nuc
Arcuate nuc
Dorsomedial nuc

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Ventromedial nuc; function

satiety center
contains leptin-sensitive neurons

(tuberal region)

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Hypothalamus - Functions

leptin

increase conc in ventromedial nuc -> cessation of eating

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Dorsomedial nuc; function

feeding & body weight regulatio
nmay serve as relay center of energy homeostasis

lesion: feeding & body wt dysfunction

(tuberal region)

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Arcuate nuclesu; function

Secretion of hypophyseal hormones
Feeding behavior (orexigenic & anoretic neurons)

(tuberal region)

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Dorsomedial nucleus; function

control feeding & body wt

tuberal region

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Anterior supraoptic region; consists of

Anterior nuc
Suprachiasmatic nuc
Supraoptic nuc
Paraventricular nuc
Lateral hypothalamus

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Anterior nuc; function

control of Parasymp
Thermoregulation (dissapation of heat)

(ant supraoptic region)

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Suprachiasmatic nuc; function

Circadian rhythms
(bio clock & modulates pineal gland function)

(ant supraoptic region)

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Hypothalamus - Functions

how does the suprachiasmatic nuc control circadian rhythms?

receives light info from retinal ganglion cellsvia; Retinohypothalamic tract
info relayed via desc symp fibers from hypothal -> intermediolat nuc -> sup cervical ganglia -> pineal gland
Inhibits prod of Melatonin during day
(melatonin = sleep-promoting hormone)

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Hypothalamus - Functions

Paraventricular nuc; function

water retention (vasopressin secreting)
milk letdown, uterine contraction (oxytocin secreting)
control ant pituitary function (ACTH, TSH)

(ant supraoptic region)

Hypothalamus - Functions

milk letdown & water retention

paraventricular nuc
magnocellular neurosec neurons project to Posterior Pituitary;release Oxytocin or Vasporessin (ADH) in to general circulation

Vasopressin - inc water perm in collecting duct, activated by inc in osmolarity, circ levels of angiotensin, dec BP, hypovolemia

Oxytocin - stim of nipple -spinal pathways->hypothalamus = act of these neurons -> Oxytocin release => contraction of myoepithelial cells

Hypothalamus - Functions

paraventricular nuc; control of Ant Pituitary function

parvocellular neurosec neurons project to the median eminence/portal sys to control ant pituitary function;

Corticotropin-RH N - enhance adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyrotropin-RH N - enhance thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release
Somatostatin-R N - inhibit growth hormone secretion

Hypothalamus - Functions

Supraoptic nuc; function

water retention
milk letdown, uterine mm contraction

(ant supraoptic region)

Hypothalamus - Functions

Supraoptic nuc - how it works

paraventricular nucmagnocellular neurosec neurons project to Posterior Pituitary;release Oxytocin or Vasporessin (ADH) to general circulation-

Just like the Paraventricular nuc
(except doesn’t alter secretions of ACTH, TSH, or GH)

Hypothalamus - Functions

Anterior Preoptic region; consists of

lateral preoptic nuc
medial preoptic nuc

of telencephalic orgiin, but functionally associated w/ hypothalamus

*only part that the lateral hypothalamus isn’t present

Hypothalamus - Functions

nucleus basalis of Meyner

rich in cholinergic neurons w/ wide projections to neocortex
compromised in Alzheimer disease

located laterally to the Lateral preoptic nuc - the Substancia Inominata
(in the Ant preoptic region)

Hypothalamus - Functions

Lateral preoptic nuc; function

Inhibits wakefulness
promotes non-REM sleep

(ant preoptic region)

# Hypothalamus - Functions Medial preoptic nuc; function

thermoregulation set point release of gonadotrophic hormones (into med eminence) & sexual behavior (ant preoptic region)

# Hypothalamus - Functions Stria terminalis

connects reciprocally the hypothalamus and amygdala

# Hypothalamus - Functions hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

system where factors controlling the hormonal secretion of the Anterior Pituitary gland are released and reach their target via a portal venous system

# Hypothalamus - Functions supraoptico-hypophyseal tract

contains axons from the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei projecting to the posterior pituitary gland

# Hypothalamus - Functions retinohypothalamic tract

carries light info from retinal ganglion cells to the Suprachiasmatic nuc

# Hypothalamus - Functions dorsal longitudinal fasiculus

1. contains afferent hypothalamic fibers - carring visceral and tast sens; relayed to the hypoth via the solitary and parabrachial nuc 2 contains efferent hypoth fibers innervating; preganglionic parasym neurons, pregang symp neurons in spinal cord, autonomic reg centers in medulla, periaqueductal gray (pain modulation)

# Hypothalamus - Functions hypophyseal portal system links;

the hypothalamus and pituitary gland allows endocrine signalling between the two structures

# Hypothalamus - Functions arteris of pituitary gland

superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries

# Hypothalamus - Functions superior hypophyseal artery

forms a capillary plexus, primary portal plexus, that penetrates the median eminence and infundibulum primary portal plexus drains via long portal veins to the secondary portal plexus in the ant pituitary

# Hypothalamus - Functions inferior hypophyseal artery

forms capillary network within the posterior pituitary venous drainage via hypophyseal veins

# Hypothalamus - Functions nuclei of Neuroendocrin control

paraventricular supraoptic arcuate medial preoptic

# Hypothalamus - Functions nuclei of Weight Control, Feeding, Drinking

ventromedial lateral hyp arcuate dorsomedial

# Hypothalamus - Functions nuclei of Temp Reg and Fever

medial preoptic (thermoreg) posterior (symp) anterior (parasymp)

# Hypothalamus - Functions nuclei of Osmoreg, Water Balance, BP, B volume

``` posterior (symp) anterior (parasymp) paraventricular supraoptic CVO's ```

# Hypothalamus - Functions nuclei of Reproductive function

paraventricular (oxytocin) supraoptic (oxytocin) medial preoptic (inc LH and FSH)

# Hypothalamus - Functions nuclei of Sleep/Wake cycle

suprachiasmatic (circadian) tuberomammillary (histamine-wakefullness) ventrolateral preoptic nuc (non-REM sleep)