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Neuro > Brainstem Structure Function > Flashcards

Brainstem Structure Function Flashcards

1
Q

R-C location of: Oculomotor Nuclear Complex

A

Midbrain (at level of superior colliculus)

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2
Q

R-C location of: Edinger-Westphal Nucleus

A

Midbrain (posterior to ONC)

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3
Q

R-C location of: Trochlear nucleus

A

Midbrain (at level of inferior colliculus)

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4
Q

R-C location of: Mesencephalic Nucleus of V

A

Midbrain (extending up from pons to rostral midbrain)

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5
Q

R-C location of: Motor nucleus of V

A

pons

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6
Q

R-C location of: Chief sensory nucleus of V

A

pons

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7
Q

R-C location of: Spinal Nucleus of V

A

caudal medulla

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8
Q

R-C location of: Abducens nucleus

A

pons (close to midline)

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9
Q

R-C location of: Facial nucleus

A

pons (caudal and lateral)

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10
Q

R-C location of: Superior salivatory nucleus

A

pons (posterior to facial nucleus)

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11
Q

R-C location of: Inferior Salivatory Nucleus

A

medulla (rostral/near postero-midline)

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12
Q

R-C location of: Vestibular and Cochlear ganglia

A

pons/rostral medulla

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13
Q

R-C location of: Nucleus Solitarius

A

medulla (rostral and posterior)

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14
Q

R-C location of: Inferior spinal vestibular nuclei

A

medulla (lateral to dorsal motor nucleus of X)

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15
Q

R-C location of: Dorsal motor nucleus of X

A

medulla (posterior portion of rostral)

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16
Q

R-C location of: Spinal trigeminal nucleus

A

medulla (rostral, postero-lateral)

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17
Q

R-C location of: Nucleus Ambiguus

A

medulla (rostral, medial)

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18
Q

R-C location of: Hypoglossal Nucleus

A

Medulla (medial to dorsal motor nucleus of X)

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19
Q

Which cranial nerves do not have their cell nuclei in the brainstem?

A

I (CNS tract)
II (CNS tract)
XI (in spinal cord C1-C5/C6)

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20
Q

What “system” of vessels supplies the brainstem?

A

Vertebral-Basilar System

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21
Q

What vessel and its branches supplies the medulla?

A

Vertebral Arteries (2 Posterior Spinals, Anterior Spinal, PICAs)

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22
Q

What vessel supplies the posterior 1/3 of each spinal cord?

A

Posterior Spinal Artery

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23
Q

What vessel supplies the anterior 2/3 of each spinal cord?

A

Anterior spinal artery

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24
Q

What does the PICA supply?

A

Posterior/inferior surface of cerebellar hemispheres

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25
Q

What vessels supply the pons?

A

Basilar (major)

Superior cerebellar Arteries

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26
Q

What part of the cerebellum does the SCA supply?

A

Superior surface and cerebellar peduncle

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27
Q

What artery supplies the entire midbrain?

A

posteiror cerebral artery

28
Q

What does the AICAs serve?

A
  • Anterior/inferior surface of cerebellar hemispheres

- Middle cerebellar peduncles

29
Q

Functions in control of reflex movements that orient the eyes, head, and neck in response to visual, auditory, and somatic stimuli

A

Superior colliculus

30
Q

Functions in the processing of autonomic and limbic activities, as well as modulation of nociception

A

PAG

31
Q

passageway connecting the 3rd and 4th ventricles

A

Aqueduct

32
Q

houses the parasympathetic innervation of the eye to constrict the iris and to the ciliary muscle to alter lens shape for accomodaiton

A

Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal

33
Q

motor control of the eye muscles

A

CN III Nuclei

34
Q

fiber pathway to thalamus for pain/temperature from the periphery

A

Spinaothalamic tract

35
Q

sensory pathway for proprioception connecting the nucleus gracilis and cuneatus with the thalamus

A

Medial Leminiscus

36
Q

thalamic relay nuclei for auditory information

A

Medial geniculate

37
Q

thalamic relay nuclei for visual information

A

Lateral geniculate

38
Q

fiber bundles of the corticospinal tract connecting the cerebral cortex to the brainstem

A

Cerebral peduncle

39
Q

optic fibers from the optic chiasm to the lateral geniculate

A

Optic tract

40
Q

one of several nuclei involved in smooth muscle motor control—degenerates in Parkinson’s disease

A

substantia nigra

41
Q

Relay nuclei between the cerebellum to the thalamus

A

red nucleus

42
Q

fiber pathway to and from the cerebellum

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

43
Q

fiber pathway to and from the cerebellum

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

44
Q

Three nuclear components (Mesencephalic, Main Sensory Nucleus, and Motor Nucleus)

A

Nuclei of V

45
Q

collection of neurons in the pons that receive input from the neocortex and send crossing fibers through the middle cerebellar peduncle

A

Pontine Nuclei

46
Q

Noradrenergic brainstem nucleus involved in mood and sleep/wake cycle

A

Locus Coeruleus

47
Q

One of several serotonin type nuclei involved in mood and sleep/wake cycle

A

Raphe nucleus pontis

48
Q

motor fibers from neocortex to spinal interneurons and lower motor neurons

A

Corticospinal Tract

49
Q

Nuclei of the vestibular system that regulate balance

A

Interior and Medial Vestibular Nuclei

50
Q

Sensory nucleus for taste (from CN VII), glands, and chemo/baroreceptors (CN IX, X)

A

Nucleus and tractus solitarius

51
Q

parasympathetic motor nucleus to the lungs and gut

A

Dorsal motor nucleus of X

52
Q

nuclear and tract components of the trigeminal nerve that extends down into the upper cervical spinal cord

A

Spinal nucleus and tract of CN V

53
Q

Origin of the climbing fibers to the cerebellar Purkinje cells

A

Inferior olivary nucleus

54
Q

Name given to the corticospinal tract fibers in the medulla

A

Pyramid

55
Q

network of neurons and axons that reside in the brainstem tegmentum and are involved in arousal, respiration, and heart rate control

A

Reticular formation

56
Q

glossopharyngeal nucleus with motor control over tongue and pharyngeal muscles with taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Nucleus of CN IX

57
Q

Fiber pathway between the vestibular nuclei and the CN nuclei III, IV, VI tocoordinate head/eye movements

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

58
Q

Where is the location of a lesion that would lead to ipsilateral 3rd nerve paresis and contralateral hemiparesis, tremor and ataxia?

A

Base and tegmentum of the midbrain

59
Q

What phenomenon might lead to a lesion that would lead to ipsilateral 3rd nerve paresis (CN III palsy- eye down and out), ipsilateral pupil dilation, and contralateral hemiparesis, tremor, ataxia and loss of fine touch?

A

Benedikt’s syndrome (occlusion of tip of basilar or branches of the PCA)

  • CN III harmed in palsy
  • E-W nucleus harmed to prevent constricton of pupil
  • Red nucleus harm lead to the tremor
  • Medial Lemniscus leads to loss of epicritic senstion)
60
Q

Where is the location of a lesion that causes contralateral hemiparesis, ipsilateral facial paresis, and ipsilateral gaze paresis?

A

Base and tegmentum of medial pons

61
Q

What phenomenon might lead to a lesion that causes contralateral hemiparesis, ipsilateral facial paresis, and ipsilateral gaze paresis?

A

Foville’s syndrome (occlusion of paramedian branches of basilar artery)

62
Q

What structures are involved in a lesion that causes contralateral hemiparesis, ipsilateral facial paresis, and ipsilateral gaze paresis?

A 
Corticospinal tract
CN VII (controls muscles of facial expression)
CN VI (controls lateral rectus for ipsilateral gaze)
63
Q

Where is the location of a lesion that leads to ipsilateral ataxia, vertigo, and nausea, ipsilateral decrease in face pain sensation, contralateral decrease in body pain sensation, and ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome?

A

LATERAL medulla

(note there is no body weakness, so medial medulla is preserved but you do have loss of pain sensation which is through the spinothalamic tract–which is lateral)

64
Q

Where is the location of a lesion that leads to contralateral arm/leg weakness, contralateral decrease in position/vibration and ipslateral tongue weakness?

A

MEDIAL medulla

65
Q

What phenomenon might lead to a lesion that leads to ipsilateral ataxia, vertigo, and nausea, ipsilateral decrease in face pain sensation, contralateral decrease in body pain sensation, and ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome?

A

Wallenberg’s syndrome (occlusion of PICAs or vertebral arteries)

Neuro (10 decks)

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