Brainz

Question 1

Types of neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 1

Muscular movement and memory /

Malfunctioning: Alzheimer’s disease, paralysis, violent muscle contractions and convulsions

Question 2

Noradrenaline

Answer 2

Learning, memory, wakefulness, eating /

Malfunctioning: Depression, stress and panic disorders

Question 3

Serotonin

Answer 3

Mood, sleep, eating and arousal, and pleasure and pain /

Malfunctioning: Depression, sleeping and eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 4

Dopamine

Answer 4

Voluntary movement, emotional arousal, learning, memory and experiencing pleasure or pain /
Malfunctioning: Parkinson’s disease and depression,
schizophrenia

Question 5

GABA

Answer 5

Inhibitory transmitter in motor system /

Malfunctioning: Huntington’s disease+tremors and loss of motor control, as well as personality changes

Question 6

Endorphin

Answer 6

Inhibits transmission of pain impulses /

Malfunctioning: pain, immune problems

Question 7

Glutamate

Answer 7

Involved in most aspects of brain function /
Malfunctioning: A contributor to Alzheimer’s disease,
seizures, tremors and insomnia

Question 8

brain and endocrine system: Hypothalamus

Answer 8

Controls pituitary gland

Question 9

brain and endocrine system: Pituitary gland (aivolisäke)

Answer 9

Regulates growth, controls Thyroid, ovaries/testes, pancreas and adreanal cortex + regulates water and salt metabolism

Question 10

brain and endocrine system: Thyroid (kilpirauhanen)

Answer 10

controls metabolic rate

Question 11

brain and endocrine system: Adrenal cortex

Answer 11

carbohydratre and salt metabolism, controls inflammatory response

Question 12

brain and endocrine system: Adrenal medulla

Answer 12

prepares body for action, secretes stress hormones

Question 13

brain and endocrine system: Pancreas

Answer 13

controls levels of insulin and glucagon, regulates sugar metabolism

Question 14

brain and endocrine system: Ovaries/Testes

Answer 14

Physical development, reproductive organd and sexual behavior

Question 15

Brain Stem

Answer 15

in Hindbrain, consisting of Medulla and Pons

Question 16

Medulla

Answer 16

Hindbrain –> Brain stem –> auromatic function of heart rate and respiration + nervetracts pass through it to and from brain and cross over which causes lateralisation of body functions

Question 17

Pons

Answer 17

Hindbrain –> Brain stem –> bridge between cerebral cortex and cerebellum, sleep regulating neuron clusters and respiration stuff

Question 18

The cerebellum

Answer 18

in Hindbrain, pikkuaivot. Motor co-ordination + learning and memory. Higher brain structures initiate movement but C co-ordinates, fine movement like ballet and piano playing.

Question 19

Midbrain

Answer 19

Sersory portion of brain, nerve impulses from eyes and ears organised and sent forward, controls eye movements

Question 20

The reticular formation

Answer 20

in midbrain, aivoverkosto. Extends from midbrain to lower parts of forebrain. ascending parts alert higher parts of sensory impulses. Descending, edits what gets through, crucial in attention and conscious awareness. + sleep and wakefulness

Question 21

Forebrain

Answer 21

Most recently evolved part of the brain, outer portion covered by cortex, major stucture cerebrum that contains the central stuctures

Question 22

Thalamus

Answer 22

In forebrain. One ball in each hemisphere, organises inputs from sensory organs to appropriate locations; visual, auditory and body senses. Also balance

Question 23

Hypothalamus

Answer 23

In forebrain. Motivation and emotion; sexual behaviour, temperature regulation, sleep, eating, drinking & aggression. Connected to endocrine system thru pituitary gland. Reward and punishment functions at spot and around, in connection to dopamine releasing neurons

Question 24

Limbic system

Answer 24

In forebrain. Satisfy urges that arise in hypothalamus, e.g. hippocampus and amygdala.

Question 25

Hippocampus

Answer 25

Forebrain --> Limbic system --> Construction and recalling memories

Question 26

Amygdala

Answer 26

Forebrain --> Limbic system --> emotion, fear, aggression. Can form emotional responses without alerting higher parts = unconscious emotional responses? Helps hippocampus in emotional memory construction.

Question 27

Cerebral cortex

Answer 27

in Forebrain. Aivokuori. Mostly grey matter, it and underlying white matter form 80% of human brain tissue. Essential for human functions, not survival.

Question 28

Primary motor cortex

Answer 28

Forebrain-->Cerebral cortex--> 600+ muscles that control voluntary movement. Lateralised, amount of cortext per area represented correlates with complexity of movement. Electrical manipulation works

Question 29

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 29

Forebrain--> Cerebral cortex--> gives rise to feel of heat, cold + balance and bodymovement. Lateralised, area size correlates with sensory sensitivity.

Question 30

Primary auditory cortex.

Answer 30

Forebrain--> Cerebral cortex--> temporal lobe.

Question 31

Primary visual cotex.

Answer 31

Forebrain--> Cerebral Cortex--> occipital lobe.

Question 32

Association cortex.

Answer 32

Constructs bout 75% of cerebral cortext. Language, perception, thought. 'evolutions missing link'

Question 33

Frontal lobes

Answer 33

Forebrain--> Cerebral cortex--> leat understood part of brain. Self-awareness, planning, initiative and responsibility. 29% of cortext. Emotion as shown in PET.

Question 34

Prefrontal cotext

Answer 34

Forebrain--> Cerebral cotex--> Frontal lobes--> executive functions, adapting behaviour.