Breast Flashcards
What FH of cancers to ask for in relation to breast cancer?
breast
ovarian
colon
prostate
Do fibroadenomas change size?
yes, may change size with hormonal changes (menstrual cycle)
What discharge do you get in duct entasis?
yellow white
often bilateral but not always
Features of worrying nipple discharge
unilateral
blood (can be benign)
spontaneous
however, even blood stained still mostly benign
P1-P5 clinical examination - what does each mean?
P1 - normal
P2 - benign
P3 - likely benign
P4 - likely malignant
P5 - cancer
who gets breast MRI?
- high risk pts (BRCA e.g.)
- dense breast tissue
- staging for metastatic disease
Breast screening
50-70 every 3 years
only people with NHS GP
many false +ves
Age for breast USS and Mammogram
> 40 Mammogram
<40 USS
do you have an increased risk of breast cancer with breast cysts or fibroadenomas?
no increased risk
What is the lifetime risk of breast cancer?
1 in 7
What % breast cancer is picked up by sx and screening?
65:35
(sx : screening)
Options for breast reconstruction
RFs for breast cancer
female
increasing age
high BMI
lack of exercise
dense breasts
alcohol
previous breast cancer or radiation
urban living (oestrogen in the water)
nulliparous and not breastfeeding
FH
smoking
FH - breast cancer - what matters here?
mother / sister / daughter under 40 -> that puts you at increased risk
otherwise ‘normal’ risk
What are the boundaries of the axilla?
Apex – also known as the axillary inlet, it is formed by lateral border of the first rib, superior border of scapula, and the posterior border of the clavicle.
Lateral wall – formed by intertubercular groove of the humerus.
Medial wall – consists of the serratus anterior and the thoracic wall (ribs and intercostal muscles).
Anterior wall – contains the pectoralis major and the underlying pectoralis minor and the subclavius muscles.
Posterior wall – formed by the subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi.
