Breast A&P

Question 1

what is the functional layer of the breast?

Answer 1

mammary/parenchymal layer

Question 2

what is the subcutaneous/premammary layer mainly composed of?

Answer 2

fat

Question 3

what is the retromammary layer mainly composed of?

Answer 3

fat

Question 4

how thick is the skin in the breast?

Answer 4

0.5-2mm

Question 5

where are the sensory nerve endings of the breast?

Answer 5

at the nipple

Question 6

how many openings for the lactiferous ducts are in the nipple?

Answer 6

15-20

Question 7

what is the darker area around the nipple called?

Answer 7

areola

Question 8

what are montgomery’s glands?

Answer 8

oil glands that look like small bumps around the nipple

Question 9

where is the premammary layer located?

Answer 9

bw the skin & mammary layer

Question 10

what 3 things compose the subcutaneous layer?

Answer 10

1. fat
2. some ligaments
3. retinala cutis

Question 11

what are other names for the mammary layer? (2)

Answer 11

parenchymal
glandular

Question 12

what is the glandular tissue in the axilla called?

Answer 12

tail of spence

Question 13

what ligaments support the breast?

Answer 13

cooper’s ligaments

Question 14

what are the 2 layers of tissue in the mammary layer?

Answer 14

1. stromal
2. epithelial

Question 15

what structures make up the terminal duct lobular unit?

Answer 15

hundreds of acini per breast connect to terminal ducts

Question 16

where is the retromammary space located?

Answer 16

bw the mammary layer and muscle layer

Question 17

changing breast tissue and ductal enlargement is abnormal when a woman is lactating. T/F?

Answer 17

false – this is a normal occurence

Question 18

what hormone is secreted when a woman is lactating?

Answer 18

prolactin

Question 19

what week do the breasts start to develop in the embryo?

Answer 19

4th week

Question 20

what prevents breasts from further developing in male embryos?

Answer 20

testosterone

Question 21

where is the milk line located?

Answer 21

axilla to inguinal area

Question 22

what is the significance of the milk line?

Answer 22

this is where the breast develops

Question 23

what is amastia?

Answer 23

no breast develops

Question 24

what is polymastia?

Answer 24

more than 2 breasts develop

Question 25

what is athelia?

Answer 25

no nipple develops

Question 26

what is polythelia?

Answer 26

accessory nipple develops

Question 27

nipple inversion can be a developmental anomaly. T/F?

Answer 27

true

Question 28

what do cooper's ligaments look like on US?

Answer 28

echogenic linear structures

Question 29

the mammary layer is iso or slightly hypoechoic to fat. T/F?

Answer 29

true

Question 30

how do the lactiferous ducts look like on US?

Answer 30

hypoechoic

Question 31

how do muscles look on US?

Answer 31

hypoechoic with echogenic striations

Question 32

what are 4 indications for a breast US?

Answer 32

1. following up a mammogram 2. cases when mammogram isn't rec'd 3. scanning dense breast tissue 4. scanning a male breast

Question 33

what is the radial plane when scanning breast tissue?

Answer 33

scanning parallel to ducts

Question 34

what is the anti-radial plane when scanning breast tissue?

Answer 34

scanning perpendicular to ducts

Question 35

what are 2 methods for examining the breast?

Answer 35

1. whole breast exam 2. targeted breast exam

Question 36

what 2 types of annotations can you use when you see a mass during a breast exam?

Answer 36

1. 1-2-3 approach 2. ABC approach

Question 37

what is the 1-2-3 approach?

Answer 37

1 = near nipple 2 = middle distance 3 = breast periphery

Question 38

what is the ABC approach?

Answer 38

A = superficial B = middle depth C = near chest wall

Question 39

what does BIRADS stand for?

Answer 39

breast imaging reporting and data system

Question 40

what does a BIRAD category 0 stand for?

Answer 40

inconclusive findings -- need more imaging

Question 41

what does a BIRAD category 1 stand for?

Answer 41

normal findings

Question 42

what does a BIRAD category 2 stand for?

Answer 42

benign

Question 43

what does a BIRADS category 3 stand for?

Answer 43

probably benign

Question 44

what does a BIRADS category 4 stand for?

Answer 44

suspicious findings

Question 45

what does a BIRADS category 5 stand for?

Answer 45

malignant

Question 46

what are the 2 views of the breast using mammography?

Answer 46

1. medio-lateral oblique (MLO) 2. craniocaudal (CC)

Question 47

which view is the most valuable view for mammo?

Answer 47

MLO

Question 48

what do you see with the MLO view?

Answer 48

mass localization is superior or inferior to the nipple

Question 49

what do you see with the CC view?

Answer 49

mass localization is medial or lateral to the nipple

Question 50

what are 3 reasons to get a breast augmentation?

Answer 50

1. cosmetic purposes 2. congenital deformity 3. reconstruction after mastectomy

Question 51

2 types of material used for breast augmentation?

Answer 51

1. saline 2. silicone