Breast Pathology

Question 1

What is polythelia?

Answer 1

Congenital multiple nipple

Question 2

Where do polytheliae form?

Answer 2

Milk lines of mammals ascending laterally to the umbilicus

Question 3

Where do most breast cancers begin in the breast?

Answer 3

Outer upper quadrant

Question 4

What is polymastia?

Answer 4

Congenital multiple breast most commonly at the axillary fold

Question 5

What is gynecomastia?

Answer 5

Enlargement of the breasts in MALES

Question 6

What gender does gynecomastia occur in?

Answer 6

Males

Question 7

What can cause gynecomastia in males?

Answer 7

exogenous estrogen
Cirrhosis
Castration
Puberty

Question 8

What is acute mastitis commonly associated with?

Answer 8

Breastfeeding

Question 9

28 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of pain and redness of her breasts. The nipple is red and swollen. The woman is a new mother and has elected to breastfeed her child. The patient has a temperature of 100.1. A pus-like fluid is expelling from the patient’s nipple with high amounts of neutrophils. What is the likely diagnosis based on this information?

Answer 9

Acute mastitis

Question 10

What are the main etiologic agents of acute mastitis?

Answer 10

Strep or staph

Question 11

What is duct ectasia?

Answer 11

Dilation and periductal inflammation with fibrosis of large and intermediate breast ducts

Question 12

29 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of a bloody discharge and pain in her right nipple. There is a palpable hardening of the tissue around her breast. The nipple on the affected side is seen to retract. The tissue is biopsied and shows no neoplasia but does demonstrate fibrosis. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 12

Duct ectasia

Question 13

What breast pathology is NON-PROLIFERATIVE and NON-NEOPLASTIC?

Answer 13

Fibrocystic change

Question 14

What area of the body other than the pancreas can undergo enzymatic fat necrosis?

Answer 14

Breast

Question 15

What causes enzymatic fat necrosis of the breast?

Answer 15

Trauma or carcinoma

Question 16

Fibrocystic change is (Painless/Painful)?

Answer 16

Painful

Question 17

32 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of a right breast that became rapidly painful in the past few days. The pain is mainly in the lower left quadrant of the breast. Biopsy of the breast tissue is performed and shows epithelial hyperplasia with apocrine metaplasia. The mass is lumpy, bumpy, and fairly mobile. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 17

Fibrocystic change

Question 18

A fibroadenoma is (Painless/Painful)?

Answer 18

Painless

Question 19

A fibroadenoma is (Mobile/Non-Mobile)?

Answer 19

Mobile

Question 20

25 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of a lump on her right breast. Upon palpation the mass is mobile and pea-shaped. The patient does not report any pain with movement. A mammography is ordered and shows a well-defined solitary mass that has undergone some calcification. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 20

Fibroadenoma

Question 21

What is the most common benign growth of the breast?

Answer 21

Fibroadenoma

Question 22

What is the most common malignancy in women?

Answer 22

Breast carcinoma

Question 23

What gene is associated closely with breast cancer development?

Answer 23

BRCA

Question 24

What is ductal carcinoma in situ?

Answer 24

Malignant proliferation of epithelial cells in the ducts that has not invaded the basement membrane

Question 25

Ductal carcinoma in situ is most often visualized on mammography as _______________________?

Answer 25

Calcification

Question 26

What is the most common form of breast carcinoma?

Answer 26

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Question 27

53 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of a mass on the right upper part of her right breast. The mass is non-mobile, painless, and craggy. A biopsy of the tissue shows a proliferation of poorly differentiated epithelial cells that have not broken through the basement membrane. A mammography shows the presence of dystrophic calcification in the mass. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 27

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Question 28

What breast cancer is also known as schirrous carcinoma due to increased fibrosis?

Answer 28

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Question 29

55 year old female patient presents to your office with a mass on the left upper quadrant of her left breast. The mass is poorly defined, craggy, and matted. It is non-mobile upon palpation. Mammography shows multiple small irregular dense masses with extensive fibrosis in the area. Biopsy of the tissue shows nests and sheets of malignant tumor cells. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 29

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Question 30

Mammography is a screening tool that DOES NOT diagnose cancer (TRUE/FALSE)?

Answer 30

t

Question 31

What is the least invasive way to diagnose cancer such as breast cancer?

Answer 31

Needle aspiration

Question 32

Lobular carcinoma is usually clinically silent (TRUE/FALSE)?

Answer 32

t

Question 33

What is the feeling of a lobular carcinoma compared to a ductal carcinoma?

Answer 33

Soft and fleshy (feels normal) while a ductal carcinoma is hard and craggy

Question 34

Medullary breast carcinoma is a subtype of ______________________________?

Answer 34

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 35

55 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of a mass on the right upper quadrant of her right breast. A biopsy is performed and the tumor is soft and fleshy with tissue resembling the medulla of the brain (resembles neurological tissue). What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 35

Medullary breast carcinoma

Question 36

A mucinous breast carcinoma has a __________________ texture and presents at a(n) (Younger/Older) age?

Answer 36

Gelatinous, Older

Question 37

A 78 year old female patient presents to your office complaining of a mass in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast. The mass is well circumscribed with a gelatin feel. Biopsy shows tissues of a secretory nature. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 37

Mucinous carcinoma

Question 38

What is Paget's disease of the breast?

Answer 38

Adenocarcinoma cells that penetrate the epidermis of the nipple and areola presenting as erythema or an eczematous change to the nipple with retraction

Question 39

What is the gross appearance of Paget's disease of the breast?

Answer 39

Peau d'orange or "orange peel" appearance

Question 40

Where does breast cancer commonly Mets to?

Answer 40

Axillary lymph nodes