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NYCC Visceral Pathology > Congenital Heart Disease (Shunting) > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Disease (Shunting) Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

What are some possible etiologies of congenital heart diseases?

A
  • Rubella
  • thalidomide syndrome (phocomelia)
  • alcohol, amphetamines, phenytoin, lithium, estrogen
  • maternal diabetes
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2
Q

What group of congenital heart disease does coarctation of the aorta belong to?

A

Acyanotic

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3
Q

Coarctation of the aorta causes (Pressure/Volume) overload and results in (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy?

A

Pressure, Concentric

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4
Q

Acyanotic congenital heart diseases are shuntless (TRUE/FALSE)?

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Acyanotic congenital heart diseases have no abnormal communication between systemic and pulmonary circuits (TRUE/FALSE)?

A

TRUE

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6
Q

What are examples of congenital heart diseases that are classified as cyanose tardive?

A

Ventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Patent foramen ovale

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7
Q

What is the most common congenital heart disease?

A

Ventricular septal defect

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8
Q

Cyanose tardive congenital heart diseases present with an initial ____ to ____ shunt?

A

Left, right

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9
Q

What is the Eisenmenger complex? What group of congenital heart diseases does it present in?

A

Late stage change from a left to right shunt to a RIGHT TO LEFT shunt due to the right heart overpowering the left heart causing cyanosis. Occurs in the cyanose tardive group of CHDs

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10
Q

What group of congenital heart diseases presents with an Eisenmenger complex?

A

Cyanose tardive

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11
Q

Cyanotic congenital heart diseases present with a permanent ____ to ____ shunt?

A

Right, left

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12
Q

What diseases are part of the cyanotic group of congenital heart diseases?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus arteriosus
Tricuspid atresia
Transposition of the great vessels

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13
Q

What congenital heart disease is shuntless but still causes cyanosis?

A

Transposition of the great vessels

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14
Q

A ventricular or atrial septal defect belongs to which category of congenital heart disease?

A

Cyanose tardive

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15
Q

A patent ductus arteriosus and hypoplastic left heart syndrome belong to which category of congenital heart disease?

A

Cyanose tardive

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16
Q

The tetralogy of fallot belongs to which category of congenital heart disease?

A

Cyanotic

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17
Q

Transposition of the great vessels belongs to which category of congenital heart disease?

A

Cyanotic

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18
Q

What is a coarctation of the aorta? Where does it most commonly occur and in what gender is it most common?

A

Localized narrowing of the lumen of the aorta distal to the left subclavian artery in males

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19
Q

What unique clinical features present in a patient with coarctation of the aorta?

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A

Upper limb hypertension causing headaches and nose bleeds with lower limb hypotension causing vascular claudication and atrophy

20
Q

What unique radiographic finding presents in a patient with coarctation of the aorta? Why?

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A

Rib-notching due to dilated intercostal arteries eroding the inferior margin of the ribs

21
Q

All shunting congenital heart diseases result in (Pressure/Volume) overload and (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy?

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A

Volume, eccentric

22
Q

A ventricular septal defect in its early stages causes (Pressure/Volume) overload and (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy?

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A

Volume, eccentric

23
Q

A ventricular septal defect in its later stages causes (Pressure/Volume) overload and (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy?

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A

Pressure, concentric

24
Q

What congenital heart disease presents with a “Lub swoosh dub” pansystolic or holosystolic heart murmur between S1-S2 at the 5th ICS on the left?

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A

Ventricular septal defect

25
Where should auscultation be performed to detect a murmur in a suspected ventricular septal defect?
Left 5th ICS
26
What congenital heart disease presents with a pansystolic or holosystolic murmur?
Ventricular septal defect
27
What can result from a ventricular septal defect?
Endocarditis, emboli, heart failure
28
What congenital heart disease presents with a split S2 "Lub dub dub" heart sound?
Atrial septal defect
29
What are symptoms of an atrial septal defect?
Fatigue and exertional dyspnea
30
What are the three types of atrial septal defect?
Ostium primum Ostium secundum Sinus venosus
31
What is the most common form of atrial septal defect?
Ostium secundum
32
Where does an ostium primum atrial septal defect occur?
Lowest ASD closest to the AV valves
33
Where does an ostium secundum atrial septal defect occur?
Middle of the right atrium
34
Where does a sinus venosus atrial septal defect occur?
Top of the right atrium near the SVC and IVC
35
What is Lutembacher's syndrome?
Mitral stenosis and an ostium secundum atrial septal defect
36
What population does a patent ductus arteriosus occur in?
Premature infants
37
What congenital heart disease presents with a pulmonic murmur at the left 2nd ICS?
Patent ductus arteriosus
38
What congenital heart disease presents with a "machine-like" murmur?
Patent ductus arteriosus
39
What congenital heart disease presents with a continuous murmur?
Patent ductus arteriosus
40
Patent ductus arteriosus causes (Pressure/Volume) overload and (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy on the (Left/Right) side of the heart?
Pressure, concentric, right
41
What is the Tetrology of Fallot?
Pulmonary stenosis Ventricular septal defect Dextroposition of the aorta Right ventricle hypertrophy
42
What unique radiographic finding is present in a patient with a Tetrology of Fallot?
Boot-leg heart with a flat inferior margin and apex
43
What are clinical signs and symptoms of a Tetrology of Fallot?
Cerebral thrombosis due to polycythemia/increased hematocrit Bacterial endocarditis Clubbing of fingers Cleft lip and palate
44
What congenital heart disease is present in patient's with Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21)?
Tetrology of Fallot
45
What is transposition of the great vessels?
Cyanotic congenital heart disease where the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle
46
What is the treatment for transposition of the great vessels?
In utero heart surgery

NYCC Visceral Pathology (40 decks)

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