Myocardial Hypertrophy & Physiology Overview

Question 1

What two blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart?

Answer 1

Superior and inferior vena cava

Question 2

What valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart?

Answer 2

Tricuspid or right atrioventricular valve

Question 3

What valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery?

Answer 3

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Question 4

What blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

Answer 4

Pulmonary artery

Question 5

What blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

Answer 5

Pulmonary veins

Question 6

What valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart?

Answer 6

Bicuspid or mitral or left atrioventricular valve

Question 7

What valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta?

Answer 7

Aortic semilunar valve

Question 8

What blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body?

Answer 8

Aorta

Question 9

What is the normal weight range for a male heart? Female?

Answer 9

Male = 280-340g
Female = 230-280g

Question 10

What is the normal thickness of the right ventricle of the heart? Left ventricle?

Answer 10

Right = <0.5 cm
Left = 1.3-1.5 cm

Question 11

What ventricle of the heart is thicker?

Answer 11

Left

Question 12

What is a normal beats per minute (BPM)?

Answer 12

60-100

Question 13

What beats per minute would be considered bradycardia?

Answer 13

Less than 60

Question 14

What beats per minute would be considered tachycardia?

Answer 14

Greater than 100

Question 15

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

Answer 15

Stroke volume x Heart rate

Question 16

What is stroke volume?

Answer 16

The volume of blood pumped by the heart

Question 17

What is the formula for calculating stroke volume?

Answer 17

End diastolic volume (EDV) - End systolic volume (ESV)

Question 18

What is end diastolic volume?

Answer 18

The amount of blood that is filling the ventricles during diastole

Question 19

What is end systolic volume?

Answer 19

The amount of blood left over in the ventricle after a contraction

Question 20

What drives the left side of the heart?

Answer 20

Right side of the heart

Question 21

What drives the right side of the heart?

Answer 21

muscle pump, respiratory pump, and valves

Question 22

A high level ultra marathon runner would expect to experience what kind of change to their heart?

Answer 22

Physiological myocardial hypertrophy

Question 23

What are the two major etiologic factors contributing to pathological myocardial hypertrophy?

Answer 23

Volume and pressure overload

Question 24

What etiologic factor is the number one cause of myocardial hypertrophy?

Answer 24

Pressure overload

Question 25

What can cause pressure overload resulting in pathological myocardial hypertrophy?

Answer 25

Chronic hypertension Valvular, pulmonary, or aortic stenosis Atherosclerosis

Question 26

What can cause volume overload resulting in pathological myocardial hypertrophy?

Answer 26

Myocardial injury Congenital heart disease Valve insufficiency Cardiomyopathies

Question 27

Pressure overload is associated with (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy of the heart?

Answer 27

Concentric

Question 28

Volume overload is associated with (Concentric/Eccentric) hypertrophy of the heart?

Answer 28

Eccentric

Question 29

What happens to the chamber size of the left ventricle of the heart in concentric hypertrophy?

Answer 29

Does not increase and will likely decrease

Question 30

What happens to the ratio of thickness to cavity diameter of the left ventricle of the heart in concentric hypertrophy

Answer 30

Increases

Question 31

How are sarcomeres added in concentric hypertrophy?

Answer 31

Parallel

Question 32

Both concentric and eccentric hypertrophy of the heart result in myocardium thickening (TRUE/FALSE)?

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

Concentric hypertrophy is due to _______________ overload?

Answer 33

Pressure

Question 34

Eccentric hypertrophy is due to _________________ overload?

Answer 34

Volume

Question 35

What happens to the chamber size and wall thickness in a heart with eccentric hypertrophy?

Answer 35

Increases

Question 36

How are sarcomeres added in eccentric hypertrophy?

Answer 36

Series

Question 37

The coronary artery that supplies the heart increases in size with the heart (TRUE/FALSE)?

Answer 37

FALSE