Breeding

Question 1

Serum Progesterone

Anestrus

Answer 1

0.2-1

Question 2

Serum Progesterone

Proestrus

Answer 2

0.2-1

Question 3

Serum Progesterone

LH surge

Answer 3

1.5-1.8

Question 4

Serum Progesterone

Ovulation

Answer 4

4-6

Takes two days to mature

Question 5

Serum Progesterone

Fertilization period

Answer 5

12-16
(8-20+)

If levels do not reach this than transition of follicle failed

Question 6

Serum Progesterone

Cervical Closure

Answer 6

20+

Question 7

Serum Progesterone

Diestrus early

Answer 7

20-40

Question 8

Serum Progesterone

Diestrus late

Answer 8

40-10

Question 9

Serum Progesterone

Pregnancy loss

Answer 9

<5-10

To maintain need 10+

Question 10

Serum Progesterone

Labor onset in 8-24 hours

Answer 10

<2

Quick drop

Question 11

Serum Progesterone

Termination of pregnancy

Answer 11

<1

Question 12

Onset proestrus 
LH surge (+/- days)

Answer 12

-25 to -3

Question 13

Maximum vaginal cornification
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

Answer 13

LH: -1 to 7

Ovulation: -4 to 4

Question 14

Estradiol peak
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

Answer 14

LH: -3 to -1

Ovulation: -6 to -4

Question 15

Start of estrus behavior
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

Answer 15

LH: -4 to 5

Ovulation: -7 to 2

Question 16

Progesterone 1 to 2 ng/ml
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

Answer 16

LH: -1 to 0

Ovulation: -4 to -3

Question 17

LH Surge
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

Answer 17

LH: 0

Ovulation: -2 to 3

Question 18

Ovulation primary oocytes
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

Answer 18

LH: 2 to 3

Ovulation: 0

Oocyte takes about 2 days to mature

Question 19

Fertilization
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

Answer 19

LH: 4 to 6

Ovulation: 2 to 4

Question 20

Natural mating for maxiumum conception rate
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

Answer 20

LH: -1 to 6

Ovulation: -3 to 4

Question 21

Cytologic diestrus
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

Answer 21

LH: 8 to 9

Ovulation: 5 to 7

Question 22

Radiograph detection of fetal skull
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

Answer 22

LH: 44 to 46

Ovulation: 41 to 43

Question 23

Ultrasound detection of fetal heartbeat
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

Answer 23

LH: 22 to 25

Ovulation: 19 to 22

Question 24

Parturition
LH surge (+/- days)
Ovulation (+/- days)

Answer 24

LH: 64 to 66

Ovulation: 62 to 64

Question 25

Inherited disease

Answer 25

``` Hip dysplasia Atopic ureter Vascular ring anomaly Polycystic Kidney Cardiac stenosis ```

Question 26

Genetic Diversity and Breeding

Answer 26

Genetic diversity is finite Alleles can be lost by chance (genetic drift) and through selection due to breeders (will reduce diversity)

Question 27

How do you remove a gene from a population?

Answer 27

You cannot remove a single gene! Must remove an entire dog and all the genes it has Genes move in groups with other genes -- cannot just select one specific thing

Question 28

What happens if you breed for homozygosity?

Answer 28

Kiss of death to the immune system! Genetic variability decreases => cannot improve breed

Question 29

What happens if you breed to the same sire over and over?

Answer 29

Get the desired traits of sire but also get all the undesired traits Rare mutations will become common; may not know the gene is there, recessive, and appears as time goes on The breed will continue to lose genes every generation until the gene pool no longer has the genes necessary to build a healthy dog

Question 30

What does inbreeding do to genetic diversity?

Answer 30

Can lose 90% of genetic diversity in 6 generations

Question 31

Genetic counseling (2 principles)

Answer 31

Selection of breeding animals should be based on multiple factors (goals, health, confirmation, performance, behavior) Single minded focus on elimination of one genetic defect will result in diminished genetic diversity and increased occurrence of defects

Question 32

Puberty | What is it?

Answer 32

Transition from immature to sexually mature and capable of reproduction Characterized by hormones, physical characteristics, sexual behavior

Question 33

Puberty | Does it occur earlier in males or females? In small or large breed?

Answer 33

Females Small breed

Question 34

What controls onset of puberty?

Answer 34

Hypothalamic release of GnRH

Question 35

Age at onset of puberty

Answer 35

Determined by percent of adult body weight: | Cat is 75% and no studies done for dogs

Question 36

What does estrogen do to bones?

Answer 36

Estrogen produced after puberty increases closure of epiphyseal paltes

Question 37

Orchidectomy or ovarectomy prior to puberty causes...

Answer 37

Prolongs bone growth

Question 38

How long can sperm survive in the vagina vs uterus?

Answer 38

Vagina: a few hours (hositle environment) Uterus: 7 days