Britain 1886-1914

Question 1

Victorian Historians referred to the period as What?

Answer 1

Great Depression

Question 2

More modern historians refer to the period as What?

Answer 2

Retardation of growth

Question 3

In 1872 unemployment stood at what figure?

Answer 3

1%

Question 4

By 1879 unemployment had risen to what figure?

Answer 4

11.4%

Question 5

Name two other nations who were taking over Britain’s position as a superior economic world power

Answer 5

Germany and USA

Question 6

As well as foreign competition, what else were politicians concerned would affect Britain’s economic growth?

Answer 6

The condition of the working classes

Question 7

Name three industries in which output remained relatively strong

Answer 7

shipbuilding
coal production
steel and iron

Question 8

What new industries did Britain not develop In?

Answer 8

Electrical engineering and chemical

Question 9

Name two factors that put pressure on agriculture from 1870

Answer 9

Cheap imported cereal, refrigeration cargo, imported cheap meat

Question 10

What were invisible earnings and give one example

Answer 10

Paper based charges such as unloading ships, insurance, banking charges

Question 11

Give 4 examples of service industries that expanded and provided jobs

Answer 11

Hotels, restaurants, domestic service, transport, communication, finance, public admin , education, health, entertainment, recreation

Question 12

The Chancellor who argued for protectionism was?

Answer 12

Joe Chamberlain

Question 12

The Chancellor who argued for protectionism was?

Answer 12

Joe Chamberlain

Question 13

The party who split over the issue of fair trade v protectionism was?

Answer 13

The Conservatives

Question 14

The party who united under the banner of Free Trade was?

Answer 14

The Liberals

Question 15

The Liberal who argued and made speeches for Free Trade was?

Answer 15

Winston Churchill

Question 16

In May 1903 Chamberlain made a speech to the Conservative Party to argue for protection tariffs-where did he make this speech?

Answer 16

Birmingham

Question 17

Give 3 arguments from Chamberlain why tariffs should be imposed on imports

Answer 17

Strengthen the empire, protect food prices from cheap imports, protect jobs from cheap steel, raise money for social reform programme

Question 18

Give 3 arguments from Churchill against tariffs

Answer 18

The empire countries would be alienated as they would not be able to trade with us due to higher cloth prices, shipping had grown die to the attraction of our free ports, food prices would rise, cheap steel provided the cheap daw materials for engineering

Question 19

In 1903 Chamberlain headed a group that tried to convince the nation to vote for tariffs, what was this group called?

Answer 19

The Tariff Reform League

Question 20

What group did the conservatives against tariffs form in the same year?

Answer 20

Unionist Free Food League

Question 21

In 1906 what was the impact of the fight for tariffs reform?

Answer 21

The cons lost the election-the Liberals won by a landslide

Question 22

In 1886 membership to trade unions grew from ….. to ……… By 1914

Answer 22

75000

4.5 million

Question 23

A female strike happened in 1888 at the Bryant and May factory which was called What???

Answer 23

The Match Girls Strike

Question 24

In 1896 The Lyons v Wilkins case stay what precedent?

Answer 24

Outlawed picketing

Question 25

In 1901 which decision enabled companies to sue unions for losses during a strike?

Answer 25

Taff Vale

Question 26

These decisions led directly to the formation of which political organisation ??

Answer 26

The LRC

Question 27

Give 3 reasons why the period 1910 - 1914 saw a rise in union activity and militancy

Answer 27

From 1900 the value of wages fell, from 1910 there was a fall in unemployment which meant more workers were more confident to demand better conditions of their employer, price of living rose sharply between 1911-12 and the gap widened between rich and poor

Question 28

What was formed between the miners, transport and railwaymens unions in 1914?

Answer 28

A Triple Alliance

Question 29

What % of Union membership was female by 1913?

Answer 29

10%

Question 30

What did Syndicalists argue for?

Answer 30

A class war and the violent overthrow of the capitalist system

Question 31

Labour MP George Barnes called Syndicalists ideas What??

Answer 31

Fools Talk And Sheer Madness

Question 32

Labour leader Ramsay MacDonald called syndicalism "the impatient, frenzied, thoughtless child of ........:

Answer 32

Poverty

Question 33

Who published the results of an investigation into the social condition of the working class in 1887???

Answer 33

Charles Booth

Question 34

Where did this investigation centre upon??

Answer 34

Tower Hamlets, London

Question 35

Who published the results of their social survey in 1901?

Answer 35

Seebohm Rowntree

Question 36

Where did this investigation centre upon?

Answer 36

York

Question 37

Name 2 reasons why these two men conducted these investigations

Answer 37

Genuine concern for the state of the poor, concern for the economic decline, Rowntree had seen that more humanitarian methods and healthier working class led to higher productivity, poverty highlighted by the Boer War, concern over the rise of social unrest and industrial demonstrations developing at the turn of the century

Question 38

What fraction of people did Booth claim lived below the poverty line?

Answer 38

1/3

Question 39

What was the primary aim of these investigations to prove?

Answer 39

That the condition of the wc could not be solely explained by accusations of laziness

Question 40

Name a more extreme response for the problem of the condition of the working class and the economic decline

Answer 40

Sterilisation Selective breeding Ban on immigration

Question 41

Name the only 2 social reforms of any significance introduced by the cons between 1886-1906

Answer 41

The Workmens Compensation Act 1897 | The Education Act 1902

Question 42

Give 2 reasons why Chamberlain did bit implement a wider package of reforms??

Answer 42

His role was Chancellor focusing on the economy, he needed to pay for them and a system of tariffs to raise the money was being blocked , those minister in his government responsible for social reform were less enthusiastic about passing any, The Boer War cost too much money, weak opposition, no motive

Question 43

What motives did the Conservative government have for reforming education? Give 2

Answer 43

National efficiency, to remain competitive and to develop technologically

Question 44

What did the Education Act of 1902 get rid of ??

Answer 44

Old school boards

Question 45

What did the Education Act of 1902 great in it's place?

Answer 45

LEAs

Question 46

The new LEAs were required to support all schools through government funds, controversially what kind if schools would also be supported/funded??

Answer 46

Church schools

Question 47

Who was outraged by this?

Answer 47

Non-conformists

Question 48

What political impact would this reform have on the Conservtives ?

Answer 48

It would encourage non conformists to vote Liberal and helped the Libs win their landslide in 1906

Question 49

How many prosecutions were there by 1906 for non payment of rates in Wales?

Answer 49

70,000

Question 50

In 1906 The Liberals aimed to provide what type of support through social reforms ?

Answer 50

A safety net

Question 51

What new political ideology also shaped Liberal's freeform programme from 1906?

Answer 51

New Liberalism, some state intervention

Question 52

Name 4 group's who were seen as vulnerable and who would be offered support

Answer 52

Children Elderly Sick Unemployed

Question 53

Name 3 acts with dates that helped children

Answer 53

Education Act 1906 Meals Education Act 1907 Medical Inspections 1908 Children's Act Child allowance £10 per child for poorest

Question 54

Name 1 act and date to help the elderly

Answer 54

Old Age Pensions 1909

Question 55

Give 2 examples of a success of the Act to help the elderly

Answer 55

5s a week for those over 70 regular income, by 1914 970,000 claimants

Question 56

Name 3 acts with dates to help the Sick and unemployed

Answer 56

National Insurance Act 1911 unemployment National Insurance Sickness 1913 Workmen's Compensation Act 1906

Question 57

Name 2 acts and dates to protect workers

Answer 57

``` Trade Disputes Act 1906 Workmen's Compensation Act 1906 Coal Mines Act 1908 Trade Boards Act 1909 Mines Act 1911 Shops Act Seaman's Act ```