british: why liberal reforms introduced Flashcards
intro
b: what policy did the govt adopt before …..
b: what did the british govt claim and what did the liberals do instead?
what are the factors being discussed and the lofa?
- before 1906 policy of ‘laissez faire’ aimed at poorer british citizens giving them only option condemning workhouse
- govt claimed poor should help themselves, in 1906 libs introduced reforms to help those suffering in poverty.
- concern of nat security, booth and rowntree surveys, rise of labour (new liberism & municipal socialism)
concern of nat security
k: what highlighted the concern for nat security?
k: what statistics represent the state of britons?
a: why was this important ( shocked, reforms)
a+: why was less important (civil servant, effectiveness)
- the boer war 1899-1902 as priority to keep empire intact, which was highlighted a mjor issue as it took 3 yrs for 400,000 british soldiers to defeat 35,000 farmers
- 34.6% were rejected due to ill health, manchester only 1200 accept 8000 rejected
- govt shocked at state of army> pressurised into improving health of future soldiers(need to be strong), introduced reforms meals & inspections
- free meals not compulsory til 1914 and medical inspections slipped in by civil servant> if were concerned would ensure reforms effective in practice to produce healtheir soldiers
nat sec evaluation
ev: lofa as OAP, race, manifesto, survival, w/c
- concern not most important & threat of labour: OAP cost £7mil when engaged in expensive naval race germany. lofa bc pension likely to have been introduced by labour in manifesto.
libs looking out for own political survival over defence of country since reform would eventually benefit all w/c voters even if it wasn’t their main concern about who it helped
rise of labour
k: who was threatening to the liberals and how many seats did they have?
k: what safe seats did liberals lose and why was this not good?
a: why was this important (overtake, cons, inticing)
a+: why was less important (seats, majority,small)
- labour, 1900 2 seats 1906 29 seats rapid increase
- jarrow and colne valley in 1907 which wasnt good bc labour were a threat due to the amount of seats they had gained as well as the safe seats from them
- labour threatened to overtake libs in votes which was intimidating, as they were becoming main alternative to the tories, if 6/10 men vote libs pressurised into more inticing policies=votes
- labour only won 40 seats in 1910 election & libs had only 2 seat majority over the cons limiting that labour caused reforms as cons larger threat to the libs than labour, as still very small
rise of labour evaluation
ev: lofa, tiny maj, switch labour,w/c
libs risked tiny majority to fight 2 elections to pass the Peoples Budget (taxing the rich to fund reforms for poor). threat of labour main reason bc libs willing to lose support of richer voters to gain support from poorer voters who may turn to labour as realised needed to win w/c voters from labour
social surveys of B + R
k: what did these men investigate?
k: fact for each men
a: why was this important (stats, suffering, reforms)
a+: why was not important (stats, limited, support)
- levels of poverty in inner city areas of york and london
- york found that 1/3 of the population lived below the poverty line & booth conducted 1 mil surveys in 17yrs - found 30% in poverty
- statistical proof that more people were in poverty than the 3% recieving poor relief, pressurised govt into helping the poor as their research found so many more were suffering» proved laisse faire was not working: introduced reforms
-govt ignored booths recommendation of 35p; 25p (10p short of required money to stay above pov line), weakend that caused reforms as the support provided was limited bc could not provide adequate support
booth & rowntree evaluation
ev: somehwhat important lofa as … publishings, safe seats, pension
rise of labour more important bc studies of B+R published 1902 yet unmentioned in 1906 general election by liberals» little impact on govt.
comparison labour winning safe seats off of libs & then introducing OAP following yr. labour more important for introducing reforms bc it gave help to the poorer older citizens as non-compulsory; booth & rowntree ignored
1KU NEW LIBERALISM
what were many new libs inspired by and who in particular was influential?
influenced by findings of B+R and believed that the govt must help the poor.
1906 Asquith became PM and appointment those who had similar views as him
1KU MUNICIPAL SOCIALISM
how did the local authorities improve conditions/areas for people?
what did Joseph …. do?
by using taxed payers money (based on incomes)
Chamberlian introduced gas, lighting, water supllies and cleared slums in Birmingham
