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Bronze Age Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the bronze start?

A

3,300 BCE

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2
Q

When did the bronze age end?

A

1200 BCE

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3
Q

When did Sumerian civilization emerge?

A

5,500 BCE

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4
Q

What preceded the bronze age?

A

The copper age

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5
Q

What is the proper name for the copper age?

A

Chalcolithic

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6
Q

What is the proper name for the stone age?

A

Neolithic

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7
Q

What does the term ‘sumer’ come from?

A

The Akkadian name for the Sumerians

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Where did the Sumerians come from?

A

Southern Mesopotamia

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10
Q

What did the Sumerians call their land?

A

Kengir (ki-en-gir)

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11
Q

What does Kengir mean?

A

Country of the Noble lords

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12
Q

What is the Sumerian language called?

A

Emegir (eme-gi)

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13
Q

What type of of language is Sumerian/Emegir?

A

agglutinative language isolate

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14
Q

What did the Sumerians call themselves?

A

Black-headed people

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15
Q

What type of language is Sumerian/Emegir?

A
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16
Q

What is believed to have been the first sedentary culture?

A

The Natufian culture

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17
Q

When did Natufian culture date back to?

A

15,000 to 11,500 years ago or 13,000-9,500 BCE

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18
Q
A
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19
Q

Why is Natufian culture Abnormal?

A

Because it was a sedentary culture even before the advent of agriculture

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20
Q

What is the oldest site that shows evidence of agriculture?

A

Tell Abu Hureyra, Natufian culture

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21
Q

What are the names of the two prehistoric people who lived in southern Mesopotamia before the Sumerians?

A

Proto-Euthrateans and Ubadians

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

Which culture is it believed the Ubadians and the Proto-Euthrateans evolved from?

A

Samarra culture

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24
Q

When did Ubaid period begin?

A

5,500 BCE

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25
What is the Ubaid period?
A prehistoric period of Mesopotamian culture
26
When did the Ubaid period end?
4,000-3,700 BCE
27
What was the period of the beginning of urbanization in Mesopotamian called?
The Uruk Period
28
What else is the Uruk period known as?
The Protoliterate period
29
30
Which country does the Euphrates river start in?
Turkey
31
Where does the Euphrates river flow from from?
The Armenian highlands of Eastern Turkey
32
What is the oldest Sumerian city state?
Eridu
33
34
Second oldest Sumerian city state?
Uruk
35
What did sumerians call themselves?
sag̃-gíg
36
When do reliable historical records start to be found in Mesopotamian history?
Early Dynastic I, around 2,900 BCE
37
38
When was Sumer conquered?
2,270 BCE
39
Who conquered Sumer?
Sargon of Akkad
40
Who were the three people that made up the first people of Eridu?
Ubadians, nomadic Semitics & fisher folk ancestors of the Sumerians
41
42
Who was the first scholar to publish the word Sumer?
Jules Oppert
43
What was the Sumerian word title for Governor?
Ensi
44
What was the title for a sumerian king?
lugal
45
How many Sumerian city-statess are there?
12
46
What was Sumer/Kengir called in the Bible?
Shinar
47
Where does the Euphrates empty?
The Persian Gulf
48
Which of the two rivers of Mesopotamia runs through rougher terrain?
The Tigris
49
How many Tributaries does the Euphrates have?
3
50
How many tributaries does the Tigris have?
4
51
What river does the river tigris flow from?
Lake Hazar
52
What is the area where the Tigris & Euphrates empty into the Persian Gulf called?
Shatt Al-Arab
53
Which three countries does the Tigris and Euphrates flow through?
Turkey, Syria & Iraq
54
55
What is the mountain range that goes through Iran, northern Iraq and southeastern Turkey?
The Zagros Mountains
56
Which half of the Alluvial plains was Kengir/Sumer/Shinar?
Southern Alluvial plains
57
What is Eridu called in Sumerian/Emegir?
Eridug
58
59
Akkadian name for Eridu?
irîtu
60
What archeological site was Eridu discovered at?
Tell Abu Shahrain
61
What was the god of Eridu?
Enki
62
What was Enki later known by?
Ea
63
What was the name of Enkis temple in Eridu?
E-Abzu
64
First major city state in Mesopotamia?
Uruk
65
According to the Sumerian king list, who was the first king of Eridu/Eridug?
Alulim
66
How long was Alulim king?
28,800
67
Who was the second king of Eridu?
Alaljar
68
How long was Alaljar king?
36,000
69
According to the Sumerian king list how many kings did Eridu have?
2
70
According to the king list what was the second city after Eridug fell?
Bad-tibira
71
What was the first real city in Mesopotamia?
Uruk
72
When was Gilgamesh king of Uruk according to the king list?
2,700 BCE
73
According to the king list who founded Uruk?
Enmerkar
74
How was the city of Uruk formed?
By two settlements merging
75
Which two gods are at the core of Uruk?
Innana and Anu
76
What two districts are at the religious core of Uruk?
Eanna District and the Anu District
77
What was the Eanna district originally called?
Kullaba
78
What is the Uruk Archeological site known as?
Warka
79
When did the early dynasties period begin?
2,900 BCE
80
When was Lagash founded?
3rd millennium BC
81
What was the patron god of Nippur?
Enlil
82
When was the first/old Babylonian empire founded?
1,894 BC
83
84
First king of Babylon?
Sumu-abum
85
When did Babylon fall?
539 BCE
86
What is the northern half of the Alluvial plains called?
Wari
87
What language is the name 'Mesopotamia' from?
Greek
88
What does Mesopotamia mean?
The land between rivers
89
What city did Pietro Della Valle stumble upon?
Ur
90
What pantheon is Teshub (Teshu) part of?
Hurrian
91
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93
94
What is Teshub god of?
Storms
95
Which half of the Alluvial plains civilizations primarly relied on rainfall instead of irrigation?
The north
96
Who was Teshubs spouse?
Ḫepat
97
What kingdom was Hurrian the language of?
The Mitanni Kingdom
98
What is an ostracon?
An old piece/shard of pottery with writing on it
99
100
What is the oldest recorded example of Hebrew?
The Ostracon at Izbet Sarah
101
When does Hebrew date back to?
Around 1,300-1,200
102
Second oldest written language?
Ancient Egyptian
103
104
What is the name for the Akkadian sun god?
Shamash
105
What is Shamash called in Sumerian/Emegir?
Utu
106
What made Mesopotamia fertile?
Silt
107
Earliest culture in Mesopotamia?
Samarra culture
108
What other culture that dates around 6,000 BCE does Samarra overlap with?
Hassuna
109
When does Samarra culture date back to?
6,500 to 5,500 BCE
110
111
Which culture neighbored Samarra culture with little overlap?
Halaf culture
112
What were the three cultures prevalent in Mesopotamia around 6,000 BCE?
Samarra, Halaf and Hassuna culture
113
Which culture created the earliest example of stamp seals?
Halaf
114

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