BS 7671: 2018 (2022) REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Which regulation in BS 7671 defines the comprehensive list of installations to which it applies?

A

Section 514 Identification and Notices

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2
Q

What does a regulation ending in a “200 series number” indicate in BS 7671?

A

It is a regulation specific to the UK.

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3
Q

According to the provided information, what is the purpose of load shedding?

A

To reduce the impact of excessive loads during peak demand

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4
Q

What is the legal status of BS 7671: 2018 (2022) The IET Wiring Regulations, 18th Edition?

A

Non-statutory document

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5
Q

When was Amendment 2 of BS 7671: 2018 published, and when did it become the sole regulation?

A

Published in March 2022, became sole regulation in September 2022

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6
Q

What is the expected timeframe for the release of the 19th Edition of BS 7671?

A

Between 2025 and 2029

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7
Q

: Which chapter of BS 7671 sets out the scope of the regulations?

A

Chapter 11: Scope

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8
Q

What is the purpose of Chapter 36 in BS 7671?

A

To address the continuity of services, especially in emergency situations

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9
Q

In which chapter of BS 7671 can you find information about protection against electric shock?

A

Chapter 41: Protection Against Electric Shock

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10
Q

What is the main goal of fault protection in BS 7671?

A

To reduce the risk through contact with live parts during a fault

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the contents pages in BS 7671?

A

To list the topics covered in each part, chapter, or section

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12
Q

Which document specifies legal regulations that may be used as a tool for prosecution in a court of law if an electrical installation is not safe or suitable?

A

Electricity at Work Regulations (EWR)

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13
Q

What is the primary reason for the publication date of BS 7671 amendments being six months earlier than their implementation date?

A

TT

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14
Q

Why is additional source electrode connection necessary in PME (TN-C-S) systems?

A

To provide alternate paths for diverted neutral current

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15
Q

In a TN-S earthing system, what is typically used as the installation’s means of earthing?

A

Separate supplier’s earth

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16
Q

Which section of BS 7671 focuses on the assessment of maximum demand and diversity?

A

Section 311

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17
Q

What is the purpose of conducting an external earth fault loop impedance (Ze) measurement?

A

To calculate the prospective fault current (PFC)

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18
Q

According to BS 7671, why should every circuit be independent?

A

To ensure each circuit has its own line and neutral conductors

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19
Q

In Chapter 32 of BS 7671, what external factors are considered when deciding on the type of wiring system to install?

A

Environmental, such as temperature and moisture,
Utilization, such as the purpose of the installation,
Building materials, such as construction materials

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20
Q

What does Chapter 33 of BS 7671 primarily address?

A

Compatibility of electrical equipment

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21
Q

In Chapter 36 of BS 7671, what is the main consideration for circuits that require a continuous supply of electricity?

A

Using uninterrupted power supplies (UPS)

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22
Q

Which main risks associated with electricity are addressed in Part 4 of BS 7671?

A

Electric shock and overcurrent

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23
Q

What is the primary purpose of protection against electric shock in BS 7671?

A

To prevent electric shock hazards

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24
Q

In Part 4 of BS 7671, what does “fault protection” primarily aim to achieve?

A

Reducing the risk through contact with live parts during a fault

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25
Q

What is the primary purpose of basic protection in electrical installations?

A

To reduce the risk of electric shock

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26
Q

In BS 7671, what protective measure is the most commonly used for electrical installations to prevent electric shock?

A

Automatic disconnection of supply (ADS)

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27
Q

What is the purpose of protective earthing in electrical circuits?

A

To carry fault current and form part of the earth fault loop path

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28
Q

When should additional protection, such as an RCD, be provided in electrical circuits?

A

In circuits supplying socket outlets for Ordinary Persons

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29
Q

In a TN system, what is the purpose of the protective conductor (cpc)?

A

To carry fault current and connect exposed conductive parts to earth

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30
Q

Why are metallic enclosures required for consumer units in domestic installations?

A

To prevent the spread of fire in case of loose connections

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31
Q

In BS 7671, when should arc fault detection devices (AFDDs) be installed?

A

In certain residential premises with listed requirements

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32
Q

What are the two primary sources of overcurrent in electrical circuits?

A

Overload and fault current

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33
Q

Which protective device is commonly used to address overcurrent due to overload?

A

Circuit Breaker

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34
Q

In what situations should electrical equipment be spaced from stored or manufactured combustible material?

A

In locations with a fire risk due to stored or manufactured material

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35
Q

What is the primary purpose of arc fault detection devices (AFDDs) in electrical circuits?

A

To detect variations in the current sine wave

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36
Q

In BS 7671, what is the standard distance above which live parts are considered out of reach in controlled or supervised installations?

A

2.5 meters

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37
Q

What is the primary role of obstacles as a means of basic protection in electrical installations?

A

To prevent intentional contact with live parts

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38
Q

In electrical installations, what does the IPXXB rating for holes in enclosures mean?

A

Holes up to 12 mm in diameter are allowed

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39
Q

What is the primary purpose of placing electrical equipment out of reach in controlled or supervised installations?

A

To prevent accidental contact with live parts

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40
Q

In electrical installations, what is the primary purpose of a residual current device (RCD)?

A

To detect and disconnect in the event of a fault current to earth

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41
Q

What is the purpose of supplementary equipotential bonding in electrical installations?

A

To ensure equal voltages exist between equipment under fault and extraneous parts

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42
Q

In BS 7671, what type of equipment is permitted for double or reinforced insulation?

A

Class II equipment

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43
Q

What is the primary purpose of electrical separation in electrical circuits?

A

To create an independent circuit unaffected by earth

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44
Q

In electrical installations, what is the purpose of separated extra-low voltage (SELV) and protective extra-low voltage (PELV) systems?

A

To provide basic insulation

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45
Q

What does the value of earth fault loop impedance (Zs) indicate in an electrical installation?

A

The suitability of the circuit’s protective devices

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46
Q

In TT systems, what is the primary reason for using residual current devices (RCDs)?

A

To provide protection against electric shock

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47
Q

When is it necessary to use an RCD with a rated current not exceeding 30 mA in electrical installations?

A

In circuits supplying luminaires within domestic installations

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48
Q

What is the primary purpose of protective equipotential bonding in electrical installations?

A

To connect metal gas or water pipes to the earth

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49
Q

Which section of BS 7671 provides requirements for automatic disconnection of supply (ADS)?

A

Section 411

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50
Q

What is the purpose of the protective equipotential bonding conductor complying with Chapter 54 in electrical installations?

A

To connect extraneous conductive parts to the earth

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51
Q

In BS 7671, what are the required disconnection times for final circuits with a rated current not exceeding 63 A and a nominal voltage to earth of 230 V in a TT system?

A

0.4 seconds

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52
Q

When should additional protection by means of a residual current device (RCD) be provided in socket outlets?

A

In socket outlets with a rating up to 32 A with restricted use

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53
Q

In BS 7671, what is the purpose of Class II equipment?

A

To provide basic protection

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54
Q

What is the primary purpose of the IPXXD rating for accessible top surfaces of enclosures?

A

To prevent objects measuring 1 mm in diameter and 100 mm long from entering

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55
Q

Which of the following is NOT an overcurrent protective device?

A

Lighting rods

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56
Q

What is the purpose of a fuse in an electrical circuit?

A

To interrupt the circuit when current exceeds a certain level

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57
Q

What is NOT a characteristic of a rewirable fuse (BS 3036)?

A

High breaking capacity

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58
Q

What is the purpose of the breaking capacity (kA) rating for a fuse?

A

To specify the maximum fault current the fuse can safely disconnect

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59
Q

Which type of fuse is generally used for high prospective fault currents and comes in gG and gM categories?

A

BS 88 fuse

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60
Q

What is the primary function of miniature circuit breakers (MCBs)?

A

To provide protection against overloads

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61
Q

Which type of MCB is suitable for circuits with inrush currents, such as those with small to medium motors?

A

Type C MCB

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62
Q

What is the purpose of residual current devices (RCDs)?

A

To detect and disconnect circuits with ground faults

63
Q

What is the main advantage of residual current breakers with overload (RCBOs)?

A

They combine overcurrent protection with ground fault protection

64
Q

Why is it important to periodically press the test button on RCDs and RCBOs?

A

To keep the mechanical parts working effectively

65
Q

Which devices melts and breaks the circuit when the current exceeds its rating?

A

Fuse

66
Q

What is the purpose of the “Ia” rating for fuses and circuit breakers?

A

It’s the disconnection current rating

67
Q

BS 88 fuses are generally incorporated into what type of bodies?

A

Sealed cylindrical ceramic bodies

68
Q

What is the main advantage of BS 88 fuses like HRC (High-Rupturing Capacity) fuses?

A

They have high short-circuit breaking capacity

69
Q

Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs) are commonly used for the protection of:

A

Final circuits

70
Q

What type of MCB is typically used for circuits with small to medium motors or fluorescent luminaires?

A

Type C

71
Q

What is the primary purpose of Residual Current Devices (RCDs)?

A

To protect against earth faults

72
Q

What does RCBO stand for?

A

Residual Current Breaker with Overload

73
Q

Which section of BS 7671 provides guidelines for calculating disconnection times for short circuits?

A

Section 461

74
Q

What does the term “electromagnetic interference (EMI)” refer to in electrical installations?

A

Unwanted electromagnetic radiation causing device malfunction

75
Q

Which section of BS 7671 deals with isolation and switching requirements for electrical installations?

A

Section 461

76
Q

In a TN system, when must both live conductors be isolated using a double-pole switch in a household installation?

A

For all circuits

77
Q

What is the main purpose of providing means of switching equipment off for mechanical maintenance?

A

To prevent injury to maintenance personnel

78
Q

Emergency switching is typically provided in installations to:

A

Quickly remove unexpected dangers

79
Q

Which device is commonly used for emergency switching in industrial settings?

A

Emergency Stop Button

80
Q

Why is it important to standardize the colors used to identify conductors in electrical circuits?

A

It reduces the risk of dangerous situations

81
Q

If equipment does not hold a British Standard, what must the designer do to ensure its safety level is similar to BS Standards?

A

Verify that the equipment is of a similar standard to BS Standards

82
Q

What factors are considered when selecting equipment for an electrical installation under Section 512?

A

Operational conditions, voltage, current, frequency, power, and compatibility with other installed equipment.

83
Q

Why is it important for cable joints and equipment to be accessible under Section 513?

A

To enable safe inspection, testing, and maintenance.

84
Q

Which section of BS 7671 specifies the requirements for conductor identification by color, letters, or numbers?

A

Section 514.

85
Q

What does Section 521 emphasize regarding line and neutral conductors?

A

They should be run together to reduce electromagnetic effects.

86
Q

What does Regulation 522.6.201 address when cables are installed below a floor or in ceilings?

A

How deep the cables can be installed.

87
Q

What is the most common practice when installing cables through joists, according to the IET On-Site Guide?

A

Drilling holes along the center of the joist

88
Q

Which protection measures should be taken to protect cables installed within a wall at a depth of 50 mm or less from the surface?

A

Using prescribed zones of protection or providing additional mechanical protection

89
Q

When cables are installed in metal stud walls, what additional protection must be provided according to Section 522.6?

A

RCD with a rating not exceeding 30 mA

90
Q

In the context of electrical installations, what does SELV stand for?

A

Separated Extra-Low Voltage.

91
Q

What is the primary purpose of Regulation 522.6.201 regarding cable installation below a floor or in ceilings?

A

To prevent damage to cables during installation

91
Q

When is the use of steel conduit or trunking not practical in wall installations, according to Approved Document A?

A

When chasing deeper than one-third of the wall thickness is required

91
Q

What is the purpose of prescribed zones of protection in electrical installations?

A

To protect cables from mechanical damage.

92
Q

What additional protection is required for cables installed within a wall built with metal studs?

A

RCD with a rating not exceeding 30 mA

93
Q

What external influences on wiring systems are covered in Section 522?

A

Ambient temperature, heat sources,
Water, humidity , impact, vibration, seismic effects and
Solar radiation and air movement only.

94
Q

How can electromagnetic effects be reduced in wiring systems, as mentioned in Section 521?

A

By running line and neutral conductors together

95
Q

What is the primary goal of Regulation 522.6.201 regarding cable installations below a floor or in ceilings?

A

To protect cables from mechanical damage

96
Q

In wiring systems, what are SELV and PELV circuits typically used for?

A

Ensuring electrical safety.

97
Q

What does Section 522.6 recommend when installing cables in metal stud walls?

A

RCD with a rating not exceeding 30 mA

98
Q

What is the maximum depth for notches in a joist, according to the provided information?

A

0.07 × joist depth.

99
Q

What is the primary concern when installing cables within a wall at a depth of 50 mm or less from the surface?

A

Protection from damage, including nails and screws.

100
Q

Why are prescribed zones of protection commonly used when running cables within walls?

A

To protect cables from damage, even when they cannot be seen.

101
Q

What is the purpose of using steel-wire armoured (SWA) or mineral-insulated (MI) cables in specific installations?

A

To provide a higher level of mechanical protection.

102
Q

In an electrical installation, why is it crucial to consider the impact of external influences on wiring systems?

A

To prevent damage and ensure the system’s reliability and safety

103
Q

What does Regulation subsection 522.8 primarily address in electrical installations?

A

Mechanical stress on cables

104
Q

How does soft copper in electrical cables react to improper support?

A

It stretches, leading to reduced conductor size and potential overheating or breakage

105
Q

According to Regulation 522.8.4, how should conductors or cables be supported when not continuously supported?

A

By using suitable means at appropriate intervals to prevent damage by their own weight.

106
Q

What provides guidance on the ‘appropriate’ intervals for cable support in electrical installations?

A

IET OSG Table D1 (or Table 3.5 in your document)

107
Q

In what situations does the weight of wiring within vertical trunking become a concern?

A

When the top bend is a right angle

108
Q

What happens to PVC insulation in cables when exposed to high temperatures due to load current and bending pressure?

A

It softens and becomes prone to splitting, especially when subjected to pressure from bending.

109
Q

What does Regulation 522.8.3 primarily concern regarding wiring systems?

A

Radius of bends to prevent conductor and termination damage.

109
Q

When planning cable routes, what should be considered regarding bends and the number of bends in the wiring system?

A

Consider the number and tightness of bends to prevent undue stress and strain on cables.

110
Q

Which section of BS 7671 provides guidance on conductor sizing and temperature limits under normal operating conditions?

A

Section 523.

111
Q

What factors can affect the resistance of conductors in an electrical installation?

A

Ambient temperature, proximity to heat sources, and insulation material.

112
Q

What does the adiabatic equation help determine in electrical installations?

A

The minimum size of a protective conductor (cpc) or earthing conductor under specific fault currents for specific durations.

113
Q

What is the factor ‘k’ in the adiabatic equation based on?

A

How the cpc is installed (e.g., within a cable or separate).

114
Q

In which chapter of BS 7671 would you find information about protection against electric shock and overcurrent protection?

A

Chapter 53.

115
Q

What does ‘selectivity’ mean in the context of protective devices?

A

The coordination of devices to ensure local devices disconnect before main fuses or circuit breakers

116
Q

Which chapter of BS 7671 addresses earthing arrangements and protective conductors?

A

Chapter 54.

117
Q

When must metallic pipework, such as gas and water pipes, be bonded in electrical installations?

A

At the point of entry or within 600 mm of the meter or isolation point.

118
Q

What does Section 543 of BS 7671 mainly address in electrical installations?

A

Equipment that may cause electromagnetic interference.

119
Q

What are some types of equipment that may have high protective conductor currents?

A

EqEquipment with filtered power supplies, such as computers and photocopiers.uipment with filtered power supplies, such as computers and photocopiers.

120
Q

Which section of BS 7671 covers the sizing and connection of bonding conductors for protective multiple earthing (PME) systems?

A

Section 544

121
Q

In a TN-S installation, if a building is supplied using a cable with a 16 mm2 earthing conductor, what is the minimum size of the main protective bonding permitted for that building?

A

16 mm2

122
Q

What is the primary concern when wiring is installed within vertical trunking?

A

Preventing the cable from being cut due to the trunking’s weigh

123
Q

According to Regulation 522.8.4, what is the purpose of supporting conductors or cables at appropriate intervals?

A

To prevent the conductors or cables from suffering damage by their own weight.

124
Q

What source of stress and strain can affect cables when they are bent too tightly?

A

Damage to the conductor insulation.*

125
Q

According to Regulation 522.8.3, what should the radius of every bend in a wiring system be to avoid damage to conductors and terminations?

A

The radius should be such that conductors or cables do not suffer damage and terminations are not stressed.

126
Q

Which section of BS 7671 outlines the maximum operating temperatures of conductors based on their insulating material?

A

Section 523

127
Q

What factor affects the resistance of conductors in an electrical installation and must be considered during the design and installation stages?

A

Temperature, ambient conditions, and proximity to heat sources.

128
Q

What does the adiabatic equation help determine in electrical installations?

A

The minimum conductor size needed to handle specific fault currents for specific durations

129
Q

What is the factor ‘k’ in the adiabatic equation primarily based on?

A

How the cpc is installed (e.g., within a cable or separate).

130
Q

Which chapter of BS 7671 primarily deals with the selection and installation of devices used for protection, isolation, switching, and control purposes?

A

Chapter 53.

131
Q

What does ‘selectivity’ refer to in the context of protective devices?

A

The coordination of devices to ensure that local devices disconnect before main fuses or circuit breakers.

132
Q

Which chapters are included in Part 6 of BS 7671?

A

Chapter 64 and Chapter 65

133
Q

What does Chapter 64 of BS 7671 primarily cover?

A

Requirements for the inspection, testing, and certification of initial verifications

134
Q

In which part of BS 7671 would you find requirements for electrical installations in special locations or environments?

A

Part 7

135
Q

What is the main purpose of Part 7 in BS 7671?

A

It identifies and specifies requirements for special installations and locations with unique risks

136
Q

According to Section 701 of BS 7671, where can you find baths or showers for general use?

A

Anywhere that a bath or shower is located for general use

137
Q

What are the zones used to classify areas with different levels of risk in locations with baths or showers, according to BS 7671?

A

0, 1, 2, 3

138
Q

In Zone 0 of a bath or shower location, what is the maximum height above the floor for the area of water containment?

A

2.25 meters

139
Q

What are the minimum IP ratings required for equipment in Zone 1 of a bath or shower location, according to Table 3.9 of BS 7671?

A

IPX4

140
Q

According to Regulation 701.411.3.3, what type of protection should all circuits within a location containing a bath or shower have?

A

RCD protection with a maximum rating of 30 mA

141
Q

What is the primary purpose of supplementary equipotential bonding in locations with baths or showers?

A

To maintain the potential between exposed metalwork and extraneous conductive parts to 50 V AC or less

142
Q

Which new chapter was introduced into BS 7671:2018 (2022) to address the requirements for electrical installations related to prosumers and alternative energy sources?

A

Chapter 82

143
Q

What is the term ‘prosumer’ as defined in Chapter 82 of BS 7671:2018 (2022)?

A

Someone who consumes and produces electricity, either for their own use or to feed into the public network

144
Q

What does ‘island mode’ refer to in the context of Chapter 82 of BS 7671?

A

An operating mode where an electrical installation is disconnected from the public supply network but remains energized by locally generated or stored electricity*

145
Q

Which of the Appendices in BS 7671 provides definitions for multiple source, DC, and other system arrangements?

A

Appendix 11

146
Q

In Section 701 of BS 7671, which of the following locations would NOT fall under its scope?

A

Changing rooms

147
Q

According to Table 3.8 in BS 7671, what is the maximum height for Zone 2 in a location with a bath or shower?

A

0.6 meters

148
Q

In Zone 2 of a bath or shower location, what is the maximum height for the area from the floor to which equipment can be installed?

A

2.25 meters

149
Q

What is the primary consideration when selecting electrical equipment for locations with baths or showers, according to BS 7671?

A

IP ratings of equipment and accessories

150
Q

What is the maximum resistance between the metal part of a location and the MET (Main Earthing Terminal) to omit supplementary equipotential bonding, as per BS 7671?

A

1667 ohms

151
Q

In BS 7671, which section provides guidance on electrical installations in exhibitions, shows, and stands?

A

Section 740