Buffer Flashcards

1
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A buffer is an aqueous solution consisting of a weak acid and it’s salt or a weak base and it’s salt. It resits changes in pH when an acid or base is added.

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2
Q

Alkalosis

A

This is a condition where the pH of the blood is too high i.e the blood is too basic.

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3
Q

pH of Saliva

A

6.5 - 7.5

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4
Q

pH of cerebrospinal fluid

A

7.30 - 7.50

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5
Q

Buffer range

A

This is the pH range at which maximum resistance to pH change occurs when adding acid or base. It’s between the range of ±1 pH from the weak acid pKa

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6
Q

Buffer capacity

A

Buffer capacity is the number of grams of acid or alkali which is necessary for a change in pH of 1 unit of 1 liter of the buffer solution.

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7
Q

The bicarbonate-carbonic acid system accounts for how many % of buffering capacity in plasma and the whole body?

A

65%

40%

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8
Q

pH lower than 7.38 (of the physiological 7.4) leads to what?

A

Acidosis.

Lower than 7.0 leads to death

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9
Q

Acidosis can lead to?

A

CNS (central nervous system) depression.

Coma.

Death.

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10
Q

Alkalosis can lead to?

A

Induces neuromuscular hyperexcitability and tetany

Death

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11
Q

What condition occurs at a pH higher than 7.42?

A

Alkalosis

Higher than 7.6 leads to death.

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12
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the bicarbonate buffer system?

A

Carbonic anhydrase in the blood and duodenum.

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