Bugs and Drugs Flashcards

Question

Scabies (PE, tx)

Answer 1

sarcoptes scabiei PE: red crusting, burrowing tx: permethrin (reapply in 7 days)

Answer 2

infection of skin and mucous PE: dome shaped papules, umbilication cx: DNA pox virus tx: self-limiting

Answer 3

chickenpox (child), shingles (herpes zoster) PE: chickenpox - fever, rash shingles: internal, burning sensation, vesicles crust and scab tx: chickenpox - self-limiting shingles: acyclovir

Answer 4

Spreading inflammation of the dermis PE: Redness • Warmth Bug: Abscess with staph • Large abscess: Incision & Drainage (I&D) to get pus out → culture Antibiotics +/- (depending on patient) • Small abscess: Hot packs/soaks Tx: First line Cellulits/abscess: • Cephalexin (first line cellulitis/absecess) MRSA: • Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Doxycyline, Clindamycin

Answer 5

``` Bug: Bullous • Staphyloccus aureus Nonbolous • S. Aureus and B-hemolytic streptococci • Culture if not responding • Honey crusting • Topical Mupirocin Tx: First line Cellulits/abscess: • Cephalexin (first line cellulitis/absecess) MRSA: • Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Doxycyline, Clindamycin • 7-10 days (RTC) ```

Answer 6

``` bug: Bacteria from infected tick • Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever PE: Unexplained fever • Blanching macular pink rash • Exposure to endemic area Tx: Doxycycline ```

Answer 7

Secondary infection of foot ulcer bug: S. aureus, S. agalactiae, S. pyogenese predominate Tx: Wound treatment

Answer 8

``` Inflammation of the nail fold PE: Abscess • Ingrown toenail Bug: S. Aureus Test: Culture, gram stain, and sensitivity Tx: I&D and antibiotics • RTC 2-5 days ```

Answer 9

``` STD - spirochete PE: First stage • Painless ulcer Secondary stage Third stage • Treponema pallidum • Difficult to culture Tx: Penicillin • Allergic? → Doxycycline ```

Answer 10

``` Tick bite (zoonotic) → can affect joints, heart, nervous system eyes • Lesion • Bullseye PE: First stage Secondary stage Third stage bug: Borrelia burgdorferi tx: Doxycycline Endotoxin ```

Answer 11

``` Chronic inflammation of the lid PE: Red rims • Dandruff (scruf) • Viral Tx: Cool compress • Wash out with baby shampoo Bacterial • Antibiotics ```

Answer 12

``` PE: Tearing • Irritation • Burning • Stinging Viral • Cold Bacterial • Discharge → glued shut in the morning Tx: Viral • Eye lavage Bacterial • Topical antibiotics ```

Answer 13

bug: s. aeurus PE: Acute small painful nodule Tx: Warm compress • I&D

Answer 14

cx: d/t to internal hordeolum • Focal inflammatory lesion of the eyelid d/t obstruction of sebaceous gland Tx: I&D

Answer 15

Inflammation of the orbit | Tx: Medical emergency: hospitalization and antibiotics

Answer 16

``` Infection of the middle ear PE: Ear pain • Cold: fever +/- Bug: Strep pneumoniae • H. influenzae (children) • Moraxella catarrhalis tx: Poor drainage • 6 months +: not severe – observe • 6 months +: severe – Amoxcillin • Amoxcillin used for 30 days: Amoxicillin-Clavulanate • Amox allergy? Macrolide (Azithromycin) • 3 days and no progress? STOP ```

Answer 17

Inflammation of the labyrinthitis PE: True temporary vertigo bug: VIRAL d/t upper resp virus Bacterial: strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis

Answer 18

Inflammation of mastoids PE: Swelling of mastoids Tx: Admission – IV antibiotics

Answer 19

``` Swimmer’s ear • Infection in the external ear d/t bacteria bug: Can be bacterial OR viral tx: Topical antibiotics • Topical steroids ```

Answer 20

bug: Common cold (acute nasopharyngitis) 2. Rhinoviruses 3. Coronavirsuses PE: Sore throat, cough, malaise • Rhinitis and nasal congestion Tx: self-limiting

Answer 21

``` Sore throat bug: Group A Beta-hemoltyic streptococcal (S. pyogenes) PE: Tonsillar exudates 2. Tender ant cervical adenopathy 3. Fever 4. NO cough ```

Answer 22

``` bug: Infectious mononucleosis PE: Systemic illness • Fever • Severe fatigue • Tender post cervical adenopathy • Pharyngitis • Tonsiallr exduates ```

Answer 23

Inflammation of paranasal sinus • A cold and started one sided sinus pain – double worsening bug: Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis tx: Supportive • Antibiotics for bacterial

Answer 24

E. coli Clostridium Bacteroides

Answer 25

``` • Inflammation of the stomach bug: H. pylori • Viral PE: Dyspepsia (upset stomach) • Diffuse tenderness (rubs stomach) Tx: Eradicate H. pylori • Treat underlying cause ```

Answer 26

``` • Disruption of mucosal in stomach bug: H. Pylori PE: No symptoms • Pain better with food Test: Endoscope Tx: Antibiotics and antacids ```

Answer 27

``` • Inflammation, infection, stone of the gallbladder bug: Stone, enterobacteriaceae PE: Fever • Chills • Nausea tx: IV • Antibiotics • Surgical consult ```

Answer 28

``` Hepatitis • Infection, inflammation of the liver Hepatitis Types • CMV • HSV Parvovirus B19 Viral: • A, B, C, D, E • Infectious mononucleosis Cause • A: fecal-oral • B, C, D: parenterally or by mucous membrane contact History/PE • Fatigue • Malaise • Nausea • Jaundice Treatment • Self-limiting • Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxins Vaccinate • A, B ```

Answer 29

``` Pus-filled cavity in the liver Cause • Biliary tract • d/t other GI infections bug: enterobacteriaceae - klebsiella History/PE • Fatigue • Malaise • Nausea • Jaundice Later symptoms: • Fever • More jaundice • Sepsis Tests • US • BC Treatment • IV • Antibiotics • Admission ```

Answer 30

``` • Sudden swelling and inflammation of pancreas Cause • Viral • Bacterial • Parasite • Biliary tract dx History/PE • Abdominal pain to back and flank Tests • Serum amylase and lipase • US Treatment • IV analgesia • Fluids • Antibiotics ```

Answer 31

``` • Inflamed, infected appendix Cause • Luminal obstruction → ischemia → perforation → peritonitis History/PE • (1) Anorexia • (2) Abdominal pain (starts periumbilical → RLQ) • (3) N&V; diarrhea/constipation • Rebound tenderness at McBurney’s Tests • US Treatment • Surgery ```

Answer 32

``` • Inflammation of existing diveritculosis Cause • Common older you get History/PE • LLQ pain • Fever Tests • CT of abdomen Treatment • Rest • Antibiotics (metronidazole, cipro) ```

Answer 33

``` • Inflammation, infection of meninges Cause • Neisseria meningitidis History/PE • Fever • Headache • Stiff neck Tests • Lumbar Puncture →CSF analysis Treatment • Empiric IV antibiotics ```

Answer 34

``` Cause • Strep agalactiae • Strep pneumoniae • Neisseria meningitidis History/PE • Fever • Chills • Headache • Vomiting • Stiff neck • Rash (N. meningitidis) Test • Lumbar Puncture → CSF analysis • BC Treatment • Sanford guide ```

Answer 35

``` • Inflammation of brain Cause • HSV 1&2 • West Nile Virus • Mycoplasma pneumoniae History/PE • Sick • Altered mental status • Delirium Test • CSF ```

Answer 36

``` • Space-occupying lesion in the brain Cause Spread from osteomyelitis of: o Nasal sinus o Otitis media o Pulmonary • Dental-oral infections • Immunocompromised History/PE • Fever • Vomiting • Focal neuro deficit • Toxic • Altered mental status Test • CT • MRI • BC Treatment • Antibiotics • Antifungals• ```

Answer 37

``` • Anaerobic • Gram positive • Spore-forming bacillus Cause • Toxin in canned, smoked, commercial History/PE • Nausea • Blurred vision • Paralysis Infant: • Poor feeding • Lethargy Treatment • ICU → Mechanical ventilation ```

Answer 38

``` • Gram positive • Rod • Spores Cause • Stepped on nonsterile “nail” History/PE • Painful muscle spasms • Masseter, back, respiratory contraction/failure Treatment • ICU → Mechanical ventilation • Benzos until axons regenerate Prevention • TdaP ```

Answer 39

Cause • RNA • Infected saliva from animal bite History/PE • Pain and paraesthesia at the site Treatment • RIG

Bugs and Drugs Flashcards

(63 cards)