Labs

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

• “the gold standard”
• right media
• specimen source

Question 2

Gram Stain

Answer 2

pos retains crystal violet

Question 3

Acid-Fast Stain

Answer 3

bacteria that resist decolorization with acid-alcohol and remain red

Question 4

India Ink Stain

Answer 4

visualize microbes that are encapsulated

Question 5

Wright’s Stain and Giemsa Stain

Answer 5

intestinal protozoa

Question 6

Wet mounts and KOH preps

Answer 6

• no staining involved

- KOH dissolves epithelial cells so target is easily identified

Question 7

Agglutination

Answer 7

if target antibody/antigen is present –> cross links with particles –> produces measurable agglutination

Question 8

Complement Fixation

Answer 8

degree of complement fixation shows the relative quantity of antibody in the speciment

Question 9

Enzyme Immunoassays (ELISA)

Answer 9

• uses antibodies linked with enzymes to detect antigens and quantify antibodies
• enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

Question 10

Western Blot

Answer 10

detects antimicrobial antibodies by their reaction with target antigens

Question 11

Nucleic Acid-Based Identification methods

Answer 11

detects organisms-specified DNA or RNA (DNA sequencing)

Question 12

Susceptibility testing

Answer 12

SIR (Susceptible, Intermediate, Resistant) via Zone of Inhibition

Question 13

CBC

Answer 13

Total # of WBC and Diff count

Question 14

Neutrophils

Answer 14

• most common PMN (polymorphnucelus)
• acute bacterial infections and trauma
• band (immature cell) –> shift to the left

Question 15

Shift to the Left

Answer 15

bacterial infection, toxemia, hemorrhage (10-12% higher)

Question 16

Lymphocyte

Answer 16

T and B cells

Question 17

Monocyte

Answer 17

Phagocytic cells to fight bacteria

Question 18

Eosinphil and Basophil

Answer 18

Eo 1-4%

Baso 0.5-1%

Question 19

Atypical lymphocytes

Answer 19

enlarged dysmorphic lymphocyte

often irregular monocyte like nucleus that can stretch the length of the cell