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Host & Defense > Bugs from Quiz 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Bugs from Quiz 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Jaw osteomyelitis, Madura Foot, israeli is GPR, looks like ball of hair on gram stain.

A

Actinomyces (gram positive rod)

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2
Q

Just a reminder that ALL GI anaroebes common in diabetic foot and decubitus ulcer osteomyelitis, this is a GNR oral anaerobe.

A

Bacteroides Fragilis (gram negative rod)

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3
Q

-Is the #1 cause of conjunctivitis in neonates. Irritation from silver nitrates. It is an STD.

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis (intracellular)

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4
Q

anaerobic, spore-forming, found in soil, multiple toxins. Gas gangrene, bubbles under skin, crepitus, can cause
necrotizing fasciitis..

A

Clostridium perfringens (Gram positive rod)

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5
Q

Obligate anaerobe, deep wound infections, need a toxoid to vaccine its toxin.

A

Clostridium tetani (gram positive rod)

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6
Q

aerobic, type III (A/B toxin), necrosis in back of throat.

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae (gram positive rod)

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7
Q

Skin colonizer, also called “coryneform bacteria”, prosthetic material infections

A

Diptheroids (gram positive rod)

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8
Q

anaerobic, associated with the septic emboli after Strep Throat. Lemierre’s Syndrome. It is an oral anaerobe.

A

Fusobacterium (gram negative rod)

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9
Q

Causes Gastroenteritis, CNS, Has a regulon, Prfa, signals, allows for entry, is allowed to spread from cell to cell without leaving the cells, helps resist antibodies and antibiotics, has a pore-forming toxin (type 2), associated with Blue Bell ice cream, canteloupe, milk, cheese, deli meats. Can cause granulomatosis infantiseptica, passed thru placenta, gives baby abscesses on skin. Use Ampicillin.

A

Listeria monocytogenes (gram positive rod)

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10
Q

Pulmonary infection and opportunistic disseminated disease in AIDS (CD4 less than 50). Shows abdominal pain, fever, lymphadenopathy. Non-pigmented slow grower, found in water and soil.

A

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (gram positive rod)

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11
Q

Rapid Grower

A

Mycobacterium chelonae/abscessus (GPR)

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12
Q

Photochromogenic, more often in men, slow grower, chronic pulmonary disease

A

Mycobacterium kansasii

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13
Q

Hansen’s Disease, Lepromatous (poorly demarcated lesions, multibacilliary) Tuberculoid (well-demaracated, hypopigmentation, granulomatous inflammation and hardly any bacilli (acid-fast))

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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14
Q

Photochromogenic, slow grower, water tank worker, sporotrichoid rash on arm.

A

Mycobacterium marinum

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15
Q

No Cell Wall

A

Mycoplasma pneumonaie

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16
Q

Madura Foot, sporotrichoid rash

A

Nocardia species (GPR)

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17
Q

Animal bites

A

Pasteurella multocida (GNR)

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18
Q

Prosthetic joint infections, as well as Acne.

A

Propionibacterium acnes (GPR)

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19
Q

obligate aerobe, found in water (Hot Tub), hospital rooms, IVDU, can cause secondary infections after burns, If you see green or blue exudate, think Pseudomonas,Hot tub folliculitis, burn infections

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GNR)

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20
Q

Type I toxin, super antigen, toxic shock syndrome, it’s alpha toxin is staph-scalded skin syndrome on babies, exfoliatin toxin is blisterous impetigo, enterotoxin is food poisoning. Main cause of impetigo (epidermis). Main cause of Endocarditis.Can cause folliculitis for those who sweat and play sports. Most common surgical wound infection. Usually purulent lesions (pus). Polyarticular arthritis - bacteremia staph. Vertebral osteomyelitis - Staph. Diabetic Foot ulcer - Staph.

A

Staphylococcus aureus (GPC in clusters)

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21
Q

Prosthetic joint infections, usually deals with CHRONIC, no pus usually, infections associated with surgical wounds.

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis (GPC coag neg staph)

22
Q

-Common pathogen in neonatal SBI’s, has capsule, beta-hemolytic, Alpha C surface protein, colonizes vagina. Use penicillin or ampicillin..

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (GPC, GBS, beta-hemolysis, bacitracin negative) in long chains

23
Q

Cause of Impetigo, Erysipelas, Strep Throat, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis. Has pyrogenic exotoxin A and B that are superantigens. Has streptolysin O and S toxins, which lyse cells. Also streptokinase, hyaluronidase, dynase.

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (GPC, GAS)

24
Q

Type III toxin (A/B), along with diptheria, pertussis, botulism, tetanus, shiga.

A

Vibrio cholera (GNR)

25
Q

Hemorrhagic vesicles (blisters), salt water

A

Vibrio vulnificus (GNR)

26
Q

Hand, foot, and mouth disease.

A

Coxsackievirus A

27
Q

Blood, Saliva, Sex, sits in ductal epithelium and leukocytes, most common
congenital infection in US, hearing loss plus microencephaly. Do PCR of
saliva, treat with Ganciclovir.

A

CMV

28
Q

Saliva, sits in oropharyngeal epithelium and B cells, Burkitt lymphoma, Hodkin’s lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal carcionoma. Icosahedral.

A

EBV

29
Q

Transmitted from skin, sits in epithelial cells and neurons, can cause infections in both epidermis and dermis, grouped papulovesicles following dermatome, usually unilateral.. Multi-nucleated keratinocytes.peripheral marginization of chromatin, Tzanck smear. True for All herpes viruses, including chicken pox. Icosahedral.
HSV(HHV1and2)*
– Latentspinalsensoryganglia
– HSV1:orallesions(lesslikelygenital),temporallobeencephali0solderchildren** andadults*
– HSV2:genitallesions,meningi0s,neonataldisease(eye,nose,** mouth,disseminated)
VZV(HHVI3)
– Latentinthetrigeminalanddorsalrootganglia – Chickenpox,shingles,meningi0s/encephali0s
EBV(HHVI4) (Oncogenic Virus)
– LatentinmemoryBcells
– Mononucelosis(heterophileAbs+monospot),Burkie’sandHodgkin’s* lymphoma,PTLD,nasopharygenialcarcinoma*
CMV(HHVI5)
– Latentincellsofthemyeloidlinage.Mononucelosis(nega0vemonospot), broadrangeofdiseasesinimmunocompromisedhost,neonatalinfection
Tzanksmearmul0nucleatedgiantcell*
Owlseyesintranuclearinclusions
HHVI6
– Latentinlymphocytes*
– Exanthemsubitum(a.k.aroseolaorfourthdisease6moI3yrs),immunocpmpromisedhosts
HHVI8 (KSHV) (Oncogenic Virus)
– Latencyunknown
– Kaposi’ssarcoma(HIV)andmul0centricCastle’sdisease*

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (DNA)

30
Q

Saliva, sits in endothelium and B cells

A

KSHV (a type of HSV) (DNA)

31
Q

Skin and Sex, associated with cervical cancer, koilocytes, epidermal hyperplasia, warts, church spires. Verucca plantaris, plana

A

HPV (DNA)

32
Q

Along with PML, infects AIDS patients, progressive neuro leading to death.

A

JC virus

33
Q

-Congenital Infection, you get hydroencephalus and chorioretinitis but no liver and spleen enlargement.

A

Lymphochoriomeningitis virus

34
Q

Red, umbilicated (depression) papules, Henderson-Patterson inclusion bodies, caused by the poxvirus. Molluscum bodies.

A

Molluscum contagiousum virus

35
Q

Causes arthralgia, and a lacy reticular rash, usually around knees.

A

Parvovirus B-19

36
Q

-Congenital infection, you get cataracts and PDA.

A

Rubella virus

37
Q

Epithelial cells & Neurons

A

Varicella Zoster Virus

38
Q

Think hematopoietic stem cell transplant, immunocompromised. Septate hyphae. From environment.

A

Aspergillus fumigatus (mold)

39
Q

These can only survive on dead skin, hair, or nails. You can get an annular scaly plaque.
You can see their hyphae in strateum corneum, and at annular edge, cannot survive in
mouth or vagina where there is no stratum corneum. KOH smear.Onychomycosis - Fungal toenail, crumbling nail plate, Trichyphyton rubrum, Oh My
Tricky Nails, use periodic acid-schiff.

A

Dermatophytes

40
Q

Tinea Versicolor - Spaghetti and meatballs, hyphae and yeast found in Stratum Corneum, upper trunk more common. Tan and orange macules that coalesce into patches.

A

Malassezia furfur (yeast)

41
Q

Think high glucose, DKA, they love this environment, neutropenic, they are aseptate, sinus disease

A

(Zygomycosis) Mucor species (mold) and Rhizopus (mold)

42
Q

Usually from contact lenses, can cause Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis

A

Acanthamoeba sp.

43
Q

Donovani causes visceral leishmani in new and old world. Braziliensis causes mucocutaneous leishmanie in new world. But cutaneous is mexicana and is the ulcers on peruvian arms, from Sandflies, inhibits oxidative burst in macrophages to survive.

A

Leishmania donovani

44
Q

From Dirty pools in South, can cause primary amoebic encephalitis, from nasal mucosa.

A

Naegleria fowleri

45
Q

Think Cats, you get cysts in brain, tachyzoite grows in macrophages, you have it for life,
congenital infection. You get hydroencephalus and chorioretinitis, as well as liver and spleen
enlargement. Check IgM levels and treat with sulfadiazine.

A

Toxoplasma gondii

46
Q

Also known as Chagas disease. From Triatomine bug, kissing bug, poop gets into blood, escapes macrophages by pore forming protein. Causes breakdown of muscle and megacolon and chronic inflammation.

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

47
Q

African Sleeping Sickness, Eastern and Western. Transmitted by TseTse fly, but doesn’t go into macrophages. Massive B cell proliferation. Coma and Die. West is Gambiense (gamble), East is Rhodesiense (Rhode Island).

A

Trypanosoma brucei

48
Q

Dimorphic fungi. In the soil, birds, bats, Mississippi valley. It is a dimorphic, can progress to pneumonia.

A

Histoplasmosis

49
Q

Dimorhpic fungi. Decaying vegetation, back east near Ohio and Mississippi as well.

A

Blastomycosis

50
Q

Dimorphic fungi. Southern Utah, valley fever, arthroconidia in soil become windborne, chronic pneumonia, meningitis.

A

Coccidiomycosis

51
Q

Dimorphic fungi. Central and South America, Mariner’s Wheel, chronic, granulomatous, progressive, attacks the lungs.

A

Paracoccidiomycosis

52
Q

One of the few yeasts that cause meningitis. Environmental from eucalyptus and trees. Causes meningitis, pneumonia, skin.

A

Cryptococcosis (neoformans)

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