Building block

Question 1

Clinical psychology

Answer 1

The study of mental disorders and how to treat them

Question 2

Experimental Psychology

Answer 2

Using the scientific method to learn about the mind

Question 3

G Stanley Hall

Answer 3

1st american psych pHD, opened 1st recognized psych lab, opened APA

Question 4

APA

Answer 4

(American Psychological Association) one of the most influential/populated psych orgs

Question 5

Margaret Floyd Washburn

Answer 5

1st american woman pHD in psych

Question 6

Francis Cecil Sumner

Answer 6

1st black american psych pHD

Question 7

Bio Psycho Social

Answer 7

Way of viewing psychology that includes biology, psychology and sociology

Question 8

Counseling psychologist

Answer 8

Psychologist that doesn’t deal with disorders but with the challenges of life

Question 9

Community psychologist

Answer 9

Create social environments cultivating mental health

Question 10

Nativism

Answer 10

Viewpoint created by Plato, humans are born with innate knowledge

Question 11

Philosophical Empiricism

Answer 11

Viewpoint created by Aristotle, all humans knowledge is gained through experience

Question 12

Demons theory

Answer 12

Ancient theory where people believed demons were responsible for psychological disorders

Question 13

Trephination

Answer 13

Ancient practice where parts of people’s brains were cut out to cure mental disorders

Question 14

Old biologic theories

Answer 14

Outdated belief that different parts of your psychology are determined by different parts of your body

Question 15

John Locke

Answer 15

Believed all knowledge came from experience

Question 16

Old witchcraft theory

Answer 16

Outdated belief that mental disorders were caused by witches, and those “witches” would be killed

Question 17

Phrenology

Answer 17

Outdated belief that different bumps and divots were responsible for different psychological aspects

Question 18

Weber and Fechner

Answer 18

Believed there is a difference between real and perceived world

Question 19

Gestalt philosophy

Answer 19

Understanding your whole philosophy is better than understanding your senses individually

Question 20

Structuralism

Answer 20

Understanding the aspects that make up our consciousness (structure), founded by willhem wundt

Question 21

Wilhem Wundt

Answer 21

Founder of structuralism, opened first psychology lab

Question 22

When was the first psychology lab opened

Answer 22

1879

Question 23

Functionalism

Answer 23

Understanding the function of our psychology, influenced by darwin, founded by william james

Question 24

Sigmund Freud

Answer 24

Switched focus of psychology from the conscious to the unconscious, believed humans were innately bad,

Question 25

Behaviorism

Answer 25

Mind does not matter: behavior does

Question 26

Humanism

Answer 26

All humans have the capacity for good, though not all will be (in opposition to Freud's view)

Question 27

What is the difference between basic and applied psychology?

Answer 27

Basic: to expand knowledge, with no real Applied: application to the real world

Question 28

Reciprocal determinism

Answer 28

The idea that people all influence each other

Question 29

Skepticism vs naive realism

Answer 29

Skepticism: you can't believe everything you see Naive realism: the world is exactly as you see it

Question 30

What are the three roadblocks to scientific thinking?

Answer 30

Hindsight bias, overconfidence, and perceiving patterns in randoms

Question 31

Hindsight bias

Answer 31

After completing an experiment, the false belief that you knew the results all along

Question 32

What are the benefits of doing an experiment

Answer 32

It is the only test that determines causality

Question 33

What are the requirements of an experiment

Answer 33

Must have a manipulatable IV, random assignment

Question 34

What is a quasi experiment

Answer 34

An experiment on a IV that is non manipulatable

Question 35

Cross sectional

Answer 35

Provide a snapshot of a time-based IV at a moment, rather than over time

Question 36

Natural observation

Answer 36

Observing participants without their knowledge (typically in public settings)

Question 37

between-subjects vs within-subjects

Answer 37

Between: each participant is exposed to each IV Within: each participant is exposed to a different IV

Question 38

What does WEIRD mean

Answer 38

Most participants in psych studies are from Western Educated Independent Rich Democratic countries

Question 39

internal vs external validity

Answer 39

Internal: degree of cause-effect between variables External: degree of population/setting influence

Question 40

reliability vs validity

Answer 40

reliability: getting the same score over multiple instances validity: getting scores closer to the population mean

Question 41

Self selection

Answer 41

People who choose to participate in a study

Question 42

T-test vs F-stat vs p-test

Answer 42

T: diff between 2 groups F: diff between 2 or more groups p: how likely that difference is due to chance

Question 43

positive vs negative correlation

Answer 43

positive: variables increase/decrease together negative: variables move in opposition to each other

Question 44

What is it called when a participant is told the risks and dangers of participating in a study?

Answer 44

Informed consent

Question 45

What is respect for persons?

Answer 45

You cannot force or coerce participants

Question 46

Can you coerce participants with money?

Answer 46

Yes, unless it is so much that they feel like they can't say no

Question 47

Beneficence

Answer 47

Maximize benefit, minimize cost

Question 48

Fairness

Answer 48

All participants should reap benefits of the study

Question 49

Debriefing

Answer 49

Come clean at the end of the experiment about what you lied about and why

Question 50

What are the main ethics concepts discussed?

Answer 50

Informed consent, respect for persons, beneficence, confidentiality, fairness, debriefing

Question 51

What is the Tuskeegee Syphilis study?

Answer 51

An unethical study where members of a poor black community were unknowingly injected with syphilis, many of whom died and were not treated

Question 52

What is the main issue with animal research

Answer 52

Animals can't consent

Question 53

What are the three kinds of misconduct?

Answer 53

Plagiarism, Falsification, Fabrication

Question 54

Falsification vs fabrication

Answer 54

Falsification: data is collected and intentionally manipulated Fabrication: data is completely made up

Question 55

Experimenter expectancy

Answer 55

Experimenter expects their experiment to go a certain way, impacting results

Question 56

Demand characteristics

Answer 56

Behavior that communicate the researcher's expectations, which influence how participants react

Question 57

Blindness

Answer 57

Participant is unaware of the experimental group they are in

Question 58

Double blindness

Answer 58

Neither the researcher or participant knows what experimental group they are in

Question 59

Hawthorne effect

Answer 59

Participants behave differently when they know they are being observed

Question 60

Social desirability bias

Answer 60

Participants want to reply in socially acceptable ways instead of truthfully

Question 61

Bogus pipeline

Answer 61

Participants are hooked up to a lie detector. Being exposed as a liar is less desirable than telling socially unacceptable truths

Question 62

Confound variable

Answer 62

Other variable not studied in experiment that affects dependent variable

Question 63

What is the best kind of study for psychology?

Answer 63

A double-blind experiment