Building the Future of Nursing: The Role of Computer Science Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
In today’s rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, nurses play a crucial role in
A
ensuring patient safety, delivering quality care, and driving positive outcomes.
2
Q
is defined as all of the physical components of a computer.
A
Computer hardware
3
Q
is a machine that uses electronic components and instructions to the components to perform calculations, repetitive and complex procedures, process text, and manipulate data and signals.
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Computer
4
Q
Computer is a machine that uses electronic components and instructions to the components to?
A
perform calculations, repetitive and complex procedures, process text, and manipulate data and signals.
5
Q
The basic hardware of a computer composes the computer’s architecture, and includes the
A
electronic circuits
microchips
processors
random access memory (RAM)
read-only memory (ROM)
graphic and sound cards
6
Q
is a thin, flat sheet made of a firm, nonconducting material on which the internal components—printed circuits, chips, slots, and so on—of the computer are mounted
A
Motherboard
7
Q
The motherboard is made of a
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dielectric or nonconducting plastic material
8
Q
The motherboard’s storage media is called
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memory
9
Q
includes the locations of the computer’s internal or main working storage
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memory
10
Q
refers to the electronic storage devices or chips on the motherboard of a computer.
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Memory
11
Q
the main memory known as
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random access memory (RAM)
11
Q
three key types of memory in a computer
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read-only memory (ROM)
random access memory (RAM)
cache
12
Q
is a form of permanent storage in the computer
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read-only memory (ROM)
13
Q
It carries instructions that allow the computer to be booted (started), and other essential machine instructions.
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read-only memory (ROM)
14
Q
Its programming is stored by the manufacturer and cannot be changed by the user.
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read-only memory (ROM)
15
Q
refers to working memory used for primary storage.
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Random access memory (RAM)
16
Q
It is used as temporary storage
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Random access memory (RAM)
17
Q
RAM is also known as?
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main memory
18
Q
can be accessed, used, changed, and written on repeatedly
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RAM
19
Q
is the work area available to the CPU for all processing applications
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RAM
20
Q
is a smaller form of RAM
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Cache
21
Q
Its purpose is to speed up processing by storing frequently called items in a small, rapid access memory location.
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Cache
22
Q
are wired to a controller that is plugged into the slots or circuit boards of the computer.
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Input and output devices
23
Q
In healthcare computing, many medical devices serve as
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input devices
24
are the best-known computerized imaging devices
Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scans and medical resonance imaging (MRI) machines
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These devices allow the computer to receive information from the outside world
Input Devices
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The most common input devices are the
kEyboard and mouse
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The most common input devices are the keyboard and mouse. Others commonly seen on nursing workstations include the
touch screen, light pen, voice, and scanner
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These devices allow the computer to report its results to the external world
Output Devices
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are defined as any equipment that translates the computer information into something readable by people or other machines.
Output Devices
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Output can be in the form o
text, data files, sound, graphics, or signals to other devices.
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The most obvious output devices are the
monitor (display screen) and printer
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Other commonly used output devices include storage devices such as the
USB drive (also known as flash or thumb drive) and optical media.
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the ____________ placed on a patient’s body provide input to the computerized physiologic monitors
electrodes
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The ________________ placed on a patient’s finger uses light waves to detect impulses that are sent to a computer and then interpreted as oxygen levels in the blood
oximetry device
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allow the nurse to speak into a microphone (which is the input device) to record data, submit laboratory orders, or request information from the computer
Voice systems
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are output devices recording and displaying heart rhythm patterns, and initiating alarms when certain conditions are met
Heart monitors
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_________________________ output includes both images on a screen and fluids infused into the patient’s body. The pump delivers a specific volume of IV fluids based on commands that the nurse inputs so the ordered fluid volume will be infused in the correct time period.
Volumetric infusion pump
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includes the main memory but also external devices on which programs and data are stored.
Storage
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The most common storage device is the computer’s
hard drive
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Other common media include
external hard drives, flash drives, and read/write digital versatile disks (DVDs) and compact disks (CDs)
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The hard drive and diskettes are
magnetic storage media
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DVDs and CD-ROMs are a form of
optical storage
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Optical media are read by a ______________ rather than a magnet.
laser “eye”
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is a peripheral device that has very high speed and high density
Hard Drive
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is actually a form of a small, removable hard drive that is inserted into the USB port of the computer.
USB flash drive
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The largest type of computer is the
supercomputer
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First developed by _______________ in _______, the early super- computer research, development, and production were carried out by ______________ or one of its affiliates
Seymour Cray; 1972; Cray Corporation
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is a computational- oriented computer specially designed for scientific applications requiring a gigantic amount of calculations that to be useful, must be processed at superfast speeds
supercomputer
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A category of special purpose computers includes the
tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and smartphones.
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is the most common fast, large, and expensive type of computer used in large businesses (including hospitals and other large healthcare facilities) for processing, storing, and retrieving data.
mainframe computer
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It is a large multiuser central computer that meets the computing needs of large- and medium-sized public and private organizations.
mainframe computer
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are used for processing the large amount of repetitive calculations involved in handling billing, payroll, inventory control, and business operations computing.
Mainframes
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the user can program them to process all types of problems and can solve any problem that can be broken down into a set of logical sequential instructions.
general purpose machines
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In hospitals, mainframe computers are often used to support the entire ____________________________________, also known as the _____________________, purchased from one of the 30 or so large HIT vendors.
Hospital Information Technology (HIT) system; Hospital Information System (HIS)
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are also found in educational and research settings, where they are used to conduct a multitude of special educational and scientific functions.
Microcomputers
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Microcomputers are also available as
portable or laptop computers, and as notebook, tablet, and hand-held computers
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are small, special function computers, although a few “full function” handheld computers were introduced in the late 1990s.
Handheld computers
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Handheld computers are small, special function computers, although a few “full function” handheld computers were introduced in the _____________.
late 1990s
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More popular handheld computers are the ___________________, including ___________________________, which are the smallest of the handheld computers.
palm-sized computers; personal digital assistants (PDAs)
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are ubiquitous and owned by a huge number of people worldwide, from the slums of South Africa to business people in the most developed countries.
Smartphones
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has revolutionized information management in healthcare
Computer science
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DIGITAL HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM INTERFACE
1. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
2. Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)
3. Mobile Health Apps
4. Telehealth Technologies
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Securely store and retrieve patient medical data.
Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
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Provide evidence-based recommendations during care.
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)
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Enhance communication and medication adherence
Mobile Health Apps
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Deliver remote care and consultations
Telehealth Technologies
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foundation of information technology
computer science
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is a computational- oriented computer specially designed forscientific applications requiring a gigantic amount of calculations that to be useful, must be processed at superfast speeds
supercomputer
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designed to do only a very few different types of tasks
special purpose machines
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.In hospitals, they are used for an increasing number of independent applications
as well as serving as an intelligent link to the programs of the mainframe
microcomputers
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are highly portable
because they are much smaller than the standard desktop microcomputers.
Laptop computers
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Computer as a Tool for Information Management
1. Streamlining data collection and entry through Electronic Health Records (EHRs).
2. Facilitating communication and collaboration across healthcare teams.
3. Enabling efficient access to patient information at the point of care.
4. Supporting evidence-based practice and clinical decision-making.
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has revolutionized information management in healthcare
Computer Science
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Information and Generating Knowledge
1. Transforming raw data into meaningful insights through data analysis and
visualization
2. Identifying trends, patterns, and potential risks in patient populations
3. Contributing to research and development of new healthcare
interventions
4. Empowering nurses to advocate for evidence-based practice and improved
patient care
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Analyze vast datasets to predict health outcomes and personalize care
Machine Learning
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Develop and evaluate new
technologies to improve patient care.
Nursing Informatics Research
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Assist with diagnostics, treatment planning, and
decision-making.
AI
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plays a crucial role in refining these
technologies and advancing their ethical and effective use in healthcare.
Nursing informatics research
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Computer Science and Knowledge
- Utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to support clinical
decision-making.
- Developing and implementing clinical decision support systems (CDSS) to reduce medical errors.
- Employing telehealth and remote monitoring technologies to expand access to care.
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SDGs
Good Health and Well-being
Quality Education
Industry, Innovation and Infrustracture
Climate Action
Partnerships for the Goals
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accessing patient information from any device, regardless of location
Cloud Computing
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allowing nurses to seamlessly collaborate and share
information across borders
Cloud Computing
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Cloud Computing
How?
1. Secure and scalable access to patient data from anywhere, anytime.
2. Facilitates collaboration and information sharing across healthcare
organizations.
3. Reduces IT infrastructure costs and maintenance burdens for healthcare
providers
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nurses gain instant access from any
device, enhance data security, and promote collaboration on a global scale.
cloud computing
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Access data and applications from anywhere,
anytime.
Scalability and Accessibility
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Facilitate collaborative projects and data sharing
across institutions.
Collaborationg and Innovation
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Securely stores sensitive patient information in the
cloud.
Enhanced Data Security
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Reduce IT infrastructure costs and maintenance needs.
Cost-effectiveness
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is not just a tool, but a cornerstone of modern
nursing informatics.
computer science
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the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by humans
AI
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Storage size terms
kilobyte
megabyte
gigabyte
terabyte
petabyte
exabyte
zettabyte
yottabyte
xenottabyte
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One-third of a single-spaced typed page
kilobyte
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600-page paperback book or 30 s of
low-definition video
megabyte
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An encyclopedia or 90 min of lowdefinition video
gigabyte
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200,000 photos or Mp3 songs, 10TB equals
Library of Congress body of print material
terabyte
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Approximately 1 quadrillion bytes
petabyte
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Approximately 1 quintillion bytes
exabyte
98
Approximately 1 sextillion bytes or
1 billion terabytes
zettabyte
99
Approximately 1 septillion bytes or
1,000 zettabytes or 1 trillion terabytes
yottabyte
100
So big it feels like infinity
xenottabyte
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refer to how the machine stores information at the lowest, or “closest to machine registers and memory,” level.
bits and bytes
102
Computers do not process information as words or numbers. They handle information in __________.
bytes
103
A byte is made up of __ bits.
8
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is a unit of data in the binary numbering system.
bit (binary digit)
105
The basic operations of the CPU are called
cycles
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The CPU
speed is measured in
cycles per second
107
he
four types of cycles, or operations of a CPU, include
fetch, decode, execute, store
108
is a set of cooperative interconnected computers
for the purpose of information interchange.
network
109
LAN
local area network
110
WAN
wide area network
111
MAN
metropolitan area network
112
Therefore, systems not designed specifically to work together cannot communicate information and processes to each other without the addition of complex translation programs (that usually do not exist); that is, they are not ________________.
interoperable
113
One million cycles per
second is called ________________ and a billion cycles per second is called ________________
1 megahertz (MHz); 1 gigahertz (GHz).
114
The CPU speed is measured in cycles per second, which are called the ______________ of the computer
clock speed
