Informatics-Based Research Processes: Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence

Question 1

is an iterative process that explores and models big data to identify patterns and provide meaningful insights.

Answer 1

data mining

Question 2

is the term that describes the use of voting and averaging in predictive data mining to synthesize the predictions from many models or methods or the use of the same type of model on different data.

Answer 2

bagging

Question 3

is what the term infers—a means of increasing the
power of the models generated by weighting the combinations of
predictions from those models into a predicted classification.

Answer 3

boosting

Question 4

is an approach that uses mainly graphical techniques to gain insight into a data set. Its goal varies based on the purpose of the analysis, but it can be applied to the data set to extract variables, detect outliers, or identify patterns.

Answer 4

Exploratory data analysis (EDA)

Question 5

is a subset of AI that permits computers to learn either inductively or deductively

Answer 5

Machine learning

Question 6

is the process of reasoning and making generalizations or extracting patterns and rules from huge data sets—that is, reasoning from a large number of examples to a general rule.

Answer 6

Inductive machine learning

Question 7

moves from premises that are assumed true to conclusions that must be true if the premises are true.

Answer 7

Deductive machine learning

Question 8

combines the predictions from several models. It is helpful when several models are used in the same project. The predictions from the different classifiers can be included as input into the meta-learning.

Answer 8

Meta-learning

Question 9

The goal is to synthesize these predicted classifications to generate a final, best-predicted classification, which is a process also referred to as

Answer 9

stacking

Question 10

represent nonlinear predictive models.

Answer 10

neural netwroks

Question 11

is so named because the sets of decisions form a
tree-shaped structure

Answer 11

decision tree

Question 12

is a technique in which the user manually chooses
specific data points or subsets of data on an interactive data display

Answer 12

brushing

Question 13

involves selection of the modeling methods and their
application to the prepared data set.

Answer 13

modeling

Question 14

aims to decrease discrepancies in
business and manufacturing processes through dedicated
improvements

Answer 14

six sigma

Question 15

application of computer technology and three-dimensional modeling
to large sets of biological data”

Answer 15

bioinformatics

Question 16

is the activity of analyzing, synthesizing, and interpreting biological data to develop processes, algorithms, or models in order to comprehend and appreciate biological systems and their interrelationships. Computational biology focuses on “theoretical models, computational simulations, and mathematical models for statistical inference”

Answer 16

computational biology