Burgundy

Question 1

When did the identifications of vineyards in Burgandy begin, and by whom?

Answer 1

11th century
Cistercian Monks

Question 2

Who owned most of the vineyard land in Burgandy in the middle ages?

Answer 2

Benedictine monasteries

Question 3

What was the catalyst that transferred vineyard ownership from the Benedictine Monks (and aristocracy) to new owners?

Answer 3

The French Revolution

Question 4

What did the emperor Napoleon change to the inheritance system?

What is this system known as?

Answer 4

Known as Napoleonic Code, or the Code of Inheritance, Napoleon mandated that estates be divided equally among male heirs rather than all land being inherited by the first-born son.

Question 5

What does Napoleonic Code mean to wine professionals today?

Answer 5

It fragments land ownership in Burgundy, making it a challenge to keep up with who owns which vines within which vineyard, who sold their land to which family member to consolidate ownership, which can lead to price, quality and style differences even within the same vineyard.

Question 6

What are the 5 areas of Burgundy from north to south?

Answer 6

1. Chablis
2. Cote d’Or (split into the Cote de Nuits, Cote de Beaune)
3. Cote Chalonnaise
4. Maconnais
5. Beaujolais

Question 7

What is the climate of Burgundy?

Answer 7

Continental

Question 8

The topography of Burgundy is:
flat
rolling hills
mountainous

Answer 8

rolling hills

Question 9

What is the aspect of Burgundy’s most prized vineyards?

Answer 9

east/southeast

Question 10

What are the 4 soil types found in Burgundy (excluding Beaujolais)?

Answer 10

1. chalk
2. limestone
3. calcareous clay
4. Marl

Question 11

What is the mail soil type in Beaujolais?

Answer 11

Granite

Question 12

What are the 2 white grapes allowed in Burgundy?

Answer 12

Chardonnay (majority)
Aligote

Question 13

What are the 2 red grapes allowed in Burgundy?

Answer 13

Pinot Noir (majority)
Gamay

Question 14

Go through the 4 levels of Burgundy’s AOP pyramid from largest to smallest (both size and production)

Answer 14

*Regional appellations
*Village wines
*Premier Crus (first growth)
*Grand Crus (great growths)

Question 15

How do you define ‘Domaine’ on a label of French wine?

Answer 15

grower/producer that owns their own vineyards and makes wine from those vineyards.

*process of growing the grapes to making and bottling the wine is all done on their estate and by them.

*if they do sell off any grapes from their vineyards, it’s grapes they wouldn’t have used in their bottlings.

Question 16

What is a negociant?

Answer 16

A negociant will buy grapes, juice or finished wine from growers and/or co-ops so they can bottle it under their own label.

Negociants can be big or small, and they usually make a range of quality levels.

Question 17

What is a clos? Give an example.

Answer 17

A vineyard or part of a vineyard that is enclosed by stone walls.

Clos Vougeot in Burgundy, a Grand Cru.

Question 18

What is a monopole?

Answer 18

A vineyard or part of a vineyard that has one single owner.

Question 19

What is a Village wine?

Answer 19

A wine is which all the grapes come from one village.

Ex: Volnay, Gevrey-Chambertin, Meursault

Question 20

What is a Single Vineyard Premier Cru?

Answer 20

Where 100% of the grapes in the wine come from a specific, single vineyard.

Question 21

What is a Single Vineyard Grand Cru?

Answer 21

Where 100% of the grapes come from one Grand Cru vineyard.

Grand Crus won’t have the village name on the label, just the Grand Cru.

Question 22

Is Chablis north or south of the Cote d’Or?

Answer 22

North, by about 80 miles.

Question 23

What is the climate of Chablis?

Answer 23

cool continental

Question 24

What are some risks winemakers face in Chablis?

Answer 24

*spring frosts
*grapes not fully ripening due to cooler climate

Question 25

What are the soils of Chablis?

Answer 25

Kimmeridgian clay/limestone

Question 26

What is the sole grape allowed in Chablis?

Answer 26

Chardonnay

Question 27

Is Chablis often associated with lots of new oak?

Answer 27

No. Most Village level Chablis is not oaked, or uses neutral oak. Some premier Crus and most Grand Crus are somewhat oaked.

Question 28

Is malolactic fermentation common in Chablis?

Answer 28

Yes If Malo were not used, Chablis would be sharp, austere and really difficult to enjoy.

Question 29

What is the name of the river that runs through the village of Chablis?

Answer 29

Serein River

Question 30

What are the 4 AOPs of Chablis?

Answer 30

1. Petit Chablis AOP 2. Chablis AOP 3. Chablis Premier Cru AOP 4. Chablis Grand Cru AOP

Question 31

How many premier Crus are there in Chablis?

Answer 31

40

Question 32

How many Grand Crus are there in Chablis?

Answer 32

1-but it has 7 climats

Question 33

In what direction do the Grand Crus of Chablis face?

Answer 33

South/SW to maximize sun exposure

Question 34

What are the 7 climats within the one Chablis Grand Cru?

Answer 34

1. Bougros 2. Les Preuses 3. Grenouilles 4. Vaudesir 5. Valmur 6. Les Clos 7. Blanchot

Question 35

How long is the Cote d'Or and in what direction does it run?

Answer 35

30 miles north to south

Question 36

What are the 2 villages that delimit the Cote d'Or?

Answer 36

Dijon in the north Santenay in the south

Question 37

What are the 2 sections the Cote d'Or is divided into?

Answer 37

1. Cote de Nuits (north) 2. Cote de Beaune (south)

Question 38

What does "Cote d'or" translate to in English?

Answer 38

Golden slope (or hill)

Question 39

Where in Burgundy are the majority of the top vineyards (1er Crus and Grand Crus located)?

Answer 39

The middle section of the hillsides

Question 40

What is the climate of the Cote de Nuits?

Answer 40

Continental

Question 41

What is the sole red grape variety allowed in the Cote de Nuits?

Answer 41

Pinot Noir

Question 42

What are the soils of the Cote de Nuits?

Answer 42

Marl Limestone

Question 43

What are the threats of the Cote de Nuits?

Answer 43

Summertime hail too much rain in autumn frost

Question 44

Is the Cote de Nuits often associated with new oak or stainless steel?

Answer 44

almost always new oak

Question 45

What are the 6 most important villages of the Cote de Nuits from north to south?

Answer 45

1. Gevrey-Chambertin 2. Morey-Saint-Denis 3. Chambolle-Musigny 4. Vougeot 5. Vosne-Romanee 6. Nuits-Saint-Georges

Question 46

What are some common fermentation techniques found in the Cote de Nuits?

Answer 46

Whole cluster fermentation Completely destemming prior to fermentation

Question 47

What is the appellation hierarchy in the Cote de Nuits, from largest to smallest (both in terms of size and production)?

Answer 47

Bourgogne AOP Bourgogne Cote d'Or AOP Cote de Nuits-Villages AOP Village AOP (Gevrey-Chambertin AOP) Premier Cru AOP Grand Cru AOP

Question 48

From 2005-2016, what were some of the top vintages from the Cote de Nuits?

Answer 48

2005 2009 2010 2014 2015 2016

Question 49

Cote De Nuits Villages AOP can only be what color wine?

Answer 49

Red (from Pinot noir)

Question 50

What is the difference between a Single Vineyard 1er Cru and a Village 1er Cru?

Answer 50

Single vineyard 1 er Cru wine is made from grapes that come from one specific, 1er Cru vineyard. Beaune Greves 1er Cru (all grapes come from the Greves Vineyard in the village of Beaune) A Village 1 er Cru wine is made from grapes that come from 2 or more 1er Cru vineyards within a particular village. Beaune 1er Cru (all the grapes come from various 1er Cru vineyards within the village of Beaune)

Question 51

How many 1 er Cru vineyards exist in the Cote de Nuits?

Answer 51

>130

Question 52

How many Grand Crus are there in Burgundy?

Answer 52

33 32 are in the Cote d'Or 24 are in Cote de Nuits 8 are in the Cote de Beaune 1 is in Chablis

Question 53

How many Grand Crus are in the Cote de Nuits?

Answer 53

24

Question 54

Chambertin, Bonnes-Mares, Musigny, La Tache, La Romanee are all Grand Cru vineyards in the Cote de ____________.

Answer 54

Cote de Nuits

Question 55

What is the climate of the Cote de Beaune?

Answer 55

Continental

Question 56

What are the soils of the Cote de Beaune?

Answer 56

Marl Limestone

Question 57

What are the 2 grapes allowed in the Cote de Beaune?

Answer 57

Chardonnay Pinot Noir

Question 58

Is the Cote de Beaune often associated with new oak or neutral oak?

Answer 58

Much like Cote de Nuits, almost always new oak.

Question 59

Name the top 6 villages of the Cote de Beaune from north to south.

Answer 59

1. Beaune 2. Pommard 3. Volnay 4. Meursault 5. Puligny-Montrachet 6. Chassagne-Montrachet

Question 60

Which 3 of the top 6 villages in the Cote de Beaune make white wine only?

Answer 60

1.Meaursault 2. Puligny-Montrachet 3. Chassagne-Montrachet

Question 61

What is the appellation hierarchy in the Cote de Beaune, from largest to smallest (both in size and production)?

Answer 61

Bourgogne AOP Village AOP Premier Cru AOP Grand Cru AOP

Question 62

What grapes can Bourgogne AOP be? Where can they come from?

Answer 62

Chardonnay Pinot Noir anywhere in the Bourgogne region

Question 63

How many Grand Crus are in the Cote de Beaune?

Answer 63

8

Question 64

Corton, Corton-Charlemagne, Montrachet, Batard-Montrachet are all Grand Cru vineyards in the Cote de ________.

Answer 64

Beaune

Question 65

Cote Chalonnaise is located north or south of the Cote d'OR?

Answer 65

south

Question 66

What is the climate of Cote Chalonnaise?

Answer 66

Continental

Question 67

What is the soil of Cote Chalonnaise?

Answer 67

Limestone

Question 68

What are the permissible grapes of Cote Chalonnaise?

Answer 68

Chardonnay Aligote Pinot Noir

Question 69

The wines of Cote Chalonnaise are known for having: *lots of new oak *little to no oak

Answer 69

Little to no oak, for both whites and reds.

Question 70

How many Grand Crus are in the Cote Chalonnaise?

Answer 70

Zero

Question 71

How many 1 er Crus are in the Cote Chalonnaise?

Answer 71

Several -- around 140

Question 72

What are the 5 villages of the Cote Chalonnaise north to south?

Answer 72

1. Bouzeron 2. Rully 3. Mercury 4. Givry 5. Montagny

Question 73

What are the 2 village AOPs of Cote Chalonnaise that make white wine only? What are the grapes?

Answer 73

Bouzeron AOP 100% Aligote Montagny AOP 100% Chardonnay

Question 74

Which village AOP in Cote Chalonnaise makes sparkling wines?

Answer 74

Rully AOP

Question 75

What 3 village AOPs in Cote Chalonnaise make both white wine and red wine?

Answer 75

1. Rully AOP 2. Givry AOP 3. Mercurey AOP

Question 76

Generally speaking, wines from the Cote Chalonnaise are more or less expensive than wines from the Cote d'Or?

Answer 76

Less expensive The wines have less oak and the land isn't as prestigious.

Question 77

What is the climate of Maconnais?

Answer 77

Continental warmer and drier than Cote d'Or and Cote Chalonnaise

Question 78

Stylistically, how do Maconnais wines differ from wines from the Cote d'Or?

Answer 78

Maconnaise wines tend to be *broader *less acidic *less oaky than wines from Cote d'Or

Question 79

What grapes are allowed to be planted in Maconnais?

Answer 79

Chardonnay Pinot Noir Gamay

Question 80

Maconnais makes most what color wine?

Answer 80

White, made from Chardonnay

Question 81

Which AOP of the Maconnais uses the most oak?

Answer 81

Pouilly-Fuisse

Question 82

How many Grand Crus exist in Maconnais?

Answer 82

None. Only Village-level and 1er Crus exist in the Maconnais

Question 83

Which of the following wines is likely to be the most expensive from Maconnais? 1. Macon AOP 2. Saint-Veran AOP 3. Pouilly-Fuisse AOP

Answer 83

Pouilly Fuisse AOP they use new oak

Question 84

Of the following AOPs, which 2 are white wine only? 1. Macon AOP 2. Saint-Veran AOP 3. Pouilly-Fuisse AOP

Answer 84

Saint-Veran AOP Pouilly-Fuisse AOP both made from Chardonnay

Question 85

Beaujolais: Where is it and how long is it?

Answer 85

Beaujolais is the southernmost section of Burgundy. It is 35 miles long from north to south.

Question 86

The northernmost part of Beaujolais overlaps the southern tip of what other section of Burgundy?

Answer 86

Maconnais

Question 87

What is the climate of Beaujolais?

Answer 87

Semi-continental the warmest section of Burgundy

Question 88

What are the soils of Beaujolais?

Answer 88

Schist and granite in the north Sandstone and clay in the south

Question 89

What are the grapes permitted in Beaujolais?

Answer 89

Gamay Chardonnay

Question 90

What is the topography of Beaujolais in the north and in the south?

Answer 90

North--more hills. Vineyards on granite hillsides South--flat plains on sandstone soils

Question 91

What vinification technique is classic in the Beaujolais region?

Answer 91

Carbonic maceration

Question 92

What are the classic vessels used in Beaujolais production?

Answer 92

Stainless steel Concrete Used/neutral french barrels

Question 93

What is the AOP hierarchy of Beaujolais?

Answer 93

Beaujolais AOP Beaujolais Nouveau (not an AOP) Beaujolais-Villages AOP Beaujolais Crus (each on is their own AOP)

Question 94

What color are Beaujolais Nouveau wines, and when are they released?

Answer 94

Red (Gamay) 3rd thursday of November following harvest

Question 95

Beaujolais Nouveau is known to be age worthy? or best in its youth?

Answer 95

Best in its youth should be drunk by March or so the year following harvest

Question 96

How many villages are within the Beaujolais-Villages AOP?

Answer 96

38

Question 97

Are any of the 38 villages in the Beaujolais-Villages AOP allowed to append their name to the AOP?

Answer 97

No

Question 98

Where do the best wines of Beaujolais come from?

Answer 98

The Crus of Beaujolais

Question 99

How many Crus are in Beaujolais?

Answer 99

10

Question 100

What is the wine color of the Beaujolais Crus?

Answer 100

Red (all Gamay)

Question 101

What are the soils of the Crus of Beaujolais?

Answer 101

Granite

Question 102

What are the Crus of Beaujolais from North to South?

Answer 102

1. Saint-Armour AOP 2. Julienas AOP 3. Chenas AOP 4. Moulin-a-Vent AOP 5. Fleurie AOP 6. Chiroubles AOP 7. Morgon AOP (know this one) 8. Regnie AOP 9. Cote de Brouilly AOP 10. Brouilly AOP