Buzz Words Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Bitemporal hemianopsia
A
Pituitary adenoma
2
Q
Upper quadrantanopsia
A
Temporal Lobe Stroke (Meyer’s Loop)
3
Q
Hypocalcemia, Hyperphophatemia
A
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Elevated PTH
4
Q
Susceptible to Bacitracin
PYR Positive
Bacteria?
A
Group A Strep
5
Q
Bile Soluble bacteria
A
Strep Pneumoniae
6
Q
Grows in hypertonic saline
PYR Positive
Bacteria?
A
Enterococci
7
Q
Beta Hemolitic
PYR Negative
Bacteria?
A
Group B Strep
8
Q
Cardiolipin, Lecithin, Cholesterol
Lab Test?
A
VDRL, Treponemal Test
9
Q
Replaces Valine with Phenylalanine at 617 position
A
Polycythemia Vera
Makes hematopoietic cells become more sensitive to growth factors
10
Q
Chorioretinitis, Hydrocephalus, Intracranial Calcification
Newborn
A
Toxoplasmosis
Obligate Intracellular Protozoa
11
Q
Hydrops Fetalis
Newborn, ds DNA virus
A
Parvovirus
12
Q
Deafness, Periventricular Calcification, Petechiae
Newborn, ds RNA virus
A
Cytomegalovirus
13
Q
Blueberry Muffin, Deafness
Newborn, ss RNA virus
A
Rubella
14
Q
Limb Hypoplasia, Cutaneous scarring
Newborn, ds DNA virus
A
Varicella Zoster Virus
15
Q
Formula for Net Filtration Pressure
A
Hydrostatic Pressure - Osmotic Pressure
Glomerulus - Bowman’s Capsule
“Hoes before Bows”
16
Q
Gram positive rods
Medusa Head
A
Bacillus anthracis
17
Q
Gram positive rods
Antiphagocytic D-glutamate capsule
A
Bacillus anthracis
18
Q
Intracellular polyphosphate granules
Bacteria?
A
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
19
Q
Peritrichous flagella
bacteria?
A
Proteus mirabilis
20
Q
IgG binding outer membrane
bacteria?
A
Staph. aureus
Protein A
21
Q
Valine for Glutamic Acid in the 6th Codon
Disease?
A
Sickle Cell Disease
22
Q
Phenylalanine DELETION (F508) Disease?
A
Cystic Fibrosis
23
Q
Na K 2Cl Symporter
A
Furosemide
Ascending Loop of Henle
Increase NaCl and Fluid EXCRETION
24
Q
Painful Genital Ulcers
A
H. ducreyii (deep, purulent)
HSV (superficial)
25
Painless Genital Ulcers
```
Syphilis (single, resolves)
Klebsiella granulomatis (progressive, inguinal LN)
```
26
Increased endolymph volume in the inner ear
Meniere's Disease
| Hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo
27
Mass lesion at the cerebellopontine angle
Acoustic Neuroma
| progressive hearing loss; affects CN 6 , 7, 8
28
Positive test, with disease
Sensitivity
29
Negative Test, without disease
Specificity
30
```
Antagonism of Dopamine D2 Receptors
MOA of what class of drugs?
```
Antipsychotics, First Generation
| ex: Haloperidol
31
```
Antagonism of Serotoning 5HT2 Receptors
MOA of what class of drugs?
```
Antipsychotics, Second Generation
32
```
Pancreatic Tumor
Low Blood Glucose
Signs of Hypoglycemia
What Cell Type?
(Alpha, Beta, Delta)
```
Beta
| Insulinoma
33
```
Pancreatic Tumor
High blood glucose (Diabetes)
Dermatitis (necrolytic migratory erythema)
DVT, depression
(Alpha, Beta, Delta)
```
Alpha
| Glucagonoma
34
Steroid secreting cells of the adrenal gland.
| Cell type origin?
Adrenal Cortex = Mesoderm
35
ANS/Chromaffin Cells/Epinephrine secreting cells of the adrenal gland.
Cell type origin?
Adrenal Medulla = Neural Crest
36
Adenohypophysis / Anterior Pituitary
| Cell Type Origin?
Ectoderm
| from the oral ectoderm of the rathke's pouch
37
Neurohypophyisis / Posterior Pituitary
| Cell Type Origin?
Neuroectoderm
| from the neuroectoderm of the diencephalon
38
Thyroid gland follicular cells
| Cell Type Origin?
Endoderm
39
```
Antagonism of sodium channels
MOA of what class of drugs?
```
Anti-epileptic drugs
| ex: Carbamazepine
40
```
Antagonism of Monoamine Oxidase
MOA of what class of drugs?
```
MAOIs - used for treatment of treatment-resistant depression
41
```
Potentiates effect of endogenous GABA
MOA of what class of drugs?
```
Benzodiazepines
42
Give 3 things that can damage/impair the Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
1. RHD / Mitral Valve / Increased LA Size
2. Thyroid Surgery
3. Lung Cancer
43
GnRH: Hypothalamus :: LH: Anterior Pituitary :: Testosterone: ______
Leydig Cells, Testes
44
GnRH: Hypothalamus :: FSH: Anterior Pituitary :: Inhibin: ______
Sertoli Cells, Seminiferous Tubules
45
A2 to opening snap time interval
Assesses the degree of MITRAL STENOSIS
46
S3
Ventricular Volume Overload; Right Sided Heart Failure
47
S4
Pumping into a Stiff ventricle; Right Sided Heart Failure
48
```
Block NMDA receptors in hippocampal neurons
Illicit Drug?
Anesthetic?
Dementia meds?
Antiepileptic?
```
Illicit Drug: PCP
Anesthetic: Ketamine
Antiepileptic: Felbamate
Dementia Meds: Memantine
49
Downregulates calcium current in thalamic neurons
| MOA of what drug?
Ethosuximide
| absence seizures
50
Upregulates Chloride currents in CNS
| MOA of what drug?
Benzodiazepines
51
Inhibit synaptic acetylcholinesterase in cortical neurons
| MOA of what drug?
Donepezile
| Alzheimer's
52
Axetazolamide
| Tubule site of action?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
53
HCTZ
| Tubule site of action?
Distal Convoluted Tubule
54
Mannitol
| Tubule site of action?
Descending Loop of Henle
55
Furosemide
| Tubule Site of Action
Ascending Loop of Henle
56
Amiloride
| Tubule site of action?
Collecting Duct
| Sodium Channel Blocker/Potassium Sparing Diuretic
57
Spirinolactone / Eplerone
| Tubule site of action?
```
Collecting Duct
(Aldosterone REceptor Antagonist / Potassium Sparing Diuretic)
```
58
Holosystolic murmur
| 3 pathologies that you will think of?
Tricuspid regurgitation - will increase with respiration
Mitral Regurgitation - will increase with handgrip, decrease with inspiration
VSD - will increase with handgrip
59
Inspiration will increase what murmurs?
Right-sided murmurs
| ex: TR, PR
60
Mild hypercalcemia, Moderately increased PTH, Urinary Calcium is low, normal Vit D levels
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
| Defective calcium sensing receptor (G-protein coupled receptors)
61
Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, Vit D
| What type of receptors?
INTRACELLULAR
| receptor with a dna binding domain
62
Acetylcholine, Serotonin, NMDA, GABA
| What type of receptors?
TRANSMEMBRANE LIGAND-GATED ION CHANNEL
63
Insulin, Insulin-like GF
| What type of receptors?
Transmembrane receptor associated with intrinsic TYROSINE KINASE activity
64
GH, Prolactin, Erythropoeitin
| What type of receptors?
Transmembrane receptor causing activation of JAK-STAT pathway
65
Basophilc stippling
Lead intoxication
66
Heinz Bodies
G6PD
67
Howell-Jolly Bodies
post-splenectomy; absent or decreased splenic function
68
Ring sideroblasts
Heme Synthesis Problem
| Can be seen in lead intoxication BUT SEEN IN BONE MARROW ASPIRATE not peripheral smear
69
Schistocytes
Sickle Cell, Hemolytic anemia
70
Virulence Factor: Intracellular existence
Chlamydia, Ricketsiae, Legionella, Listeria
71
Virulence Factor: Outer Polysaccharide Capsule
Strep
Haemophilus Influenzae
Neisseria
72
Virulence Factor: Presence of Protein A in the cell wall
Staph Aureus
73
Virulence Factor: Release of Exotoxins
Staph aureus, Botolinum, Diphtheriae, Tetanus, Pertussis
74
Virulence Factor: Synthesis of an Extracellular Polysaccharide Matrix
Staph epidermidis
75
CNS Mass: above the sellar diaphragm
Craniopharyngoma
| hypothalamic or pituitary dysfunction
76
CNS Mass: Dorsal Midbrain
Germ Cell Tumor
usually Pineal Gland
(inc ICP, parinaud syndrome)
77
CNS Mass: lateral cerebral convexity or parasagittal convexity
Meningioma
78
CNS Mass: Posterior Fossa
Medulloblastoma
79
Urge Incontinence
| Etiology?
Detrussor muscle hyperactivity
80
Overflow incontinence
| Etiology?
Bladder Outlet Obstruction
81
Stress Incontinence
| Etiology?
Decreased Urethral Sphincter Tone
82
Rejuct null, null is true
Type I Error
| Say there is a difference but there is none
83
Don't reject null, Null is False
Type II Error
| Say there is no difference but there actually is
84
Statistical alpha
Type I error
| Probability of a result due to chance alone
85
Statistical Beta
Type II error
| Power = 1 minus beta
86
Mode of infection: absorption through skin on feet
Strongyloides stercoralis
87
Mode of infection: Exposure to infected stool
Taenia solium
88
Mode of infection: handling of cat litter
Toxoplasma gondii
89
Mode of infection: Inhalation of fungal spores
Histoplasma
| Blastomyces
90
Mode of infection: Scratch from a Cat
Bartonella henselae
91
Diabetes Drug MOA:
| Decrease insulin resistance by increasing GLUT 4 and increasing adiponectin
PPAR -Y
92
Lactose fermenter, Indole positive
E. Coli
93
Fast Lactose fermenter, indole negative
klebsiella, enterobacter
94
Non-lactose fermenter, oxidase positive
pseudomonas
95
non-lactose fermenter, oxidase negative, h2s positive
proteus, salmonella, yersinia
96
non-lactose fermenter, oxidase negative, h2s negative
shigella
97
Migratory thrombophlebitis
Trosseau syndrome; visceral carcinoma
98
Seborheic keratosis
Leser Trelat Sign, GI malignancy
99
Antiarrhythmics that can cass QT prolongation
Quinidine
Sotalol
(Slass IA and III)
100
Antibiotiocs that can cause QT Prolongation
Macrolides, Fluoroquinolones
