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Buzz words resp Flashcards

1
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

probably pneumonia

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2
Q

stony dull to percuss

A

pleural effusion

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3
Q

Alveolar bat wings, kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural Effusion

A

pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

ground glass appearance on X-ray

A

pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory distress syndrome in new-borns

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5
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid-fast bacilli

A

Tuberculosis

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6
Q

caseous necrosis

A

Tuberculosis

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7
Q

apical disease

A

most likely (secondary) Tb
apical lesion is called as assman focus

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8
Q

miliary tuberculosis

A

spread of organism into bloodstream

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9
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpastures syndrome

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10
Q

Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet

A

caused by chlamydophila psittaci

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11
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread

A

Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens

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12
Q

“Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana” - or a Mr. Snoop Dogg or Mr.
Martin Mitchell

A

probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s

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13
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and
weight loss

A

sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

“D sign on X ray”

A

empyema

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16
Q

“Steeple” sign on X ray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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17
Q

child with barking cough

A

croup

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18
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with Co-tramoxazole [± prednisolone if
severe]

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19
Q

Asthma + Nasal Polyps + Salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s Triad

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20
Q

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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21
Q

Red Jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella Pneumoniae

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22
Q

Mucoid sputum

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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23
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

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24
Q

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

A

classically from primary
renal cell carcinoma

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25
Q

morning headache

A

hypercapnia or side effect of nitrates

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26
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

small cell carcinoma of the lung

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27
Q

PTH secreting lung tumor

A

squamous cell carcinoma of lung

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28
Q

increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoid

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29
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

silicosis

30
Q

‘Heart-failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces

A

found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated severe left ventricular heart failure. Also seen in long standing pulmonary hypertension

31
Q

Ghon Focus

A

An area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung,
beneath the pleura - found in tuberculosis infection

32
Q

Assmann Focus

A

Apical lesion of secondary tuberculous infection

33
Q

. ‘Coin lesion’ found on chest radiographs

A

a rounded solitary lesion. The common
lesions are: Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, Metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney),
Bronchial hamartoma, Carcinoid tumour, Granulomatous inflammation, Lung
abscess

34
Q

Horner’s Syndrome

A

Can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the
intrathoracic nodes or a Pancoast’s tumour. Signs include: ptosis (drooping of the
eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (small pupil), and lack of sweating on the
ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of the face. This is due to invasion, of the
cervical sympathetic chain.

35
Q

. Acute management of Asthma: OSHIT MAN:

A

a. Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask
b. Salbutamol Nebulised back-to-back.
c. Hydrocortisone IV or Prednisolone PO
d. Ipratropium Bromide Nebulised hourly
e. Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV
f. Magnesium and call an
g. Anesthetic

36
Q

Thumbprint sign on head x ray

A

epiglottis

37
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

pertussis

38
Q

Snow storm appearance on x ray

A

baritosis, silicosis

39
Q

Management of infective exacerbation of COPD

A

iSOAP
i - ipratropium
S - Salbutamol
O - Oxygen
A - amoxicillin
P - prednisolone

40
Q

Non-smoker + lung cancer =

A

(peripheral) adenocarcinoma

41
Q

Squamous + Small-cell Lung cancers =

A

CENTRAL

42
Q

High d-dimers

A

suspect (but not diagnose) Pulmonary Embolism (send for CTPA or
V/Q scan

43
Q

Low d-dimers

A

exclude Pulmonary Embolism

44
Q

Large PE:

A

thrombolysis

45
Q

Small PE:

A

Low Molecular Weight Heparin

46
Q

respiratory alkalosis

A

panic attack

47
Q

frank pus on aspiration

A

empyema

48
Q

obstructive lung disease- raised eosinophils

A

asthma

49
Q

obstructive lung disease- raised neutrophils

A

COPD

50
Q

Pickwickian disease (a.k.a Obesity hypoventilation syndrome)

A

obese people whose
body fat preventing air getting in. Causes sleep apnoea and hypercapnia (high levels
of carbon dioxide in the blood). Buzzword: overnight nasal ventilation

51
Q

Guillian-Barre disease

A

disease which causes paralysis. Normally preceded by a
strep. throat/infection of respiratory or GI tract. A.K.A polyneuritis (meaning rapidly
progressive, ascending motor neurone paralysis, beginning in the feet and ascending
to the other muscles)

52
Q

Coal workers pneumoconiosis -

A

two types Simple coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
(the disease in its early form) and progressive massive fibrosis (the disease in its later
form).Problems found at the apex of the lung

53
Q

Adult respiratory distress syndrome

A

occurs when non-cardiogenic pulmonary
oedema leads to acute respiratory failure. CXR shows bilateral alveolar shadowing

54
Q

Pulmonary oedema

A

CXR showing bats wings(perihilar shadowing), upper lobe
venous diversion, fluid in horizontal fissue, kerley B lines (small horizontal lines in
the periphery due to fluid in the interlobular septae and pleural effusions)

55
Q

Treatment of a pneumothorax

A

options are observation, needle, chest tube
insertion, surgery

56
Q

TLCO

A

how well oxygen can diffuse into the blood

57
Q

Asbestosis

A
  • problems found at the base of the lung
58
Q

Treatment of P.E.

A
  • if not immediately life threatening then anticoagulation therapy
    (IV warfarin and heparin)
59
Q

Type 1 diabetic presents with vomiting and not taking her insulin. Dehydrated and
deep labored breathing

A

metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis).

60
Q

22 year old woman, weight loss, sputum, night sweats, tender well defined nodules on
shins bilaterally

A

– erythema nodosum

61
Q

Honeycomb lung

A

fibrosing alveolitis

62
Q

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

A

granulomatous inflammation of the lungs

63
Q

Exudate

A

= (extra) protein > 30

64
Q

Transudate

A

= (less) protein < 30

65
Q

hypercalcaemia from squamous cell carcinoma

A

moans (constipation, nausea), stones , bones, and groans (confusion, memory loss)

66
Q

Tb drugs

A

2 RIPE 4 RI

67
Q

Rifampin –

A

side effect of red-orange discoloration of urine and tears, rashes and
hepatotoxicity

68
Q

Isoniazid

A

tingling, parasthesiae of the extremities

69
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

joint pain, rash, allergic reaction, yellow skin or eyes, worsening gout

70
Q

Ethambutol –

A

change in vision, optic neuritis and red-green colour blindness

71
Q

Causes of Pulmonary Fibrosis- breast

A

Bleomycin
Radiation
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Sarcoidosis
Tuberculosis

72
Q

NODOSUM spelt backwards reveals some causes of erythema nodosum, the more
common appear first

A

Mycobacteria (TB) -
Ulcerative colitis/Crohns disease
Sarcoidosis
Other infections (streptococcus, mycoplasma, EBV)
Drugs including sulphonamides and oral contraceptive pill
Occult malignancy
No cause found/nurturing (pregnancy

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