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Buzz words resp Flashcards

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1
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

probably pneumonia

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2
Q

stony dull to percuss

A

pleural effusion

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3
Q

Alveolar bat wings, kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural Effusion

A

pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

ground glass appearance on X-ray

A

pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory distress syndrome in new-borns

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5
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid-fast bacilli

A

Tuberculosis

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6
Q

caseous necrosis

A

Tuberculosis

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7
Q

apical disease

A

most likely (secondary) Tb
apical lesion is called as assman focus

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8
Q

miliary tuberculosis

A

spread of organism into bloodstream

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9
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpastures syndrome

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10
Q

Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet

A

caused by chlamydophila psittaci

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11
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread

A

Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens

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12
Q

“Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana” - or a Mr. Snoop Dogg or Mr.
Martin Mitchell

A

probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s

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13
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and
weight loss

A

sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

“D sign on X ray”

A

empyema

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16
Q

“Steeple” sign on X ray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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17
Q

child with barking cough

A

croup

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18
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with Co-tramoxazole [± prednisolone if
severe]

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19
Q

Asthma + Nasal Polyps + Salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s Triad

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20
Q

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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21
Q

Red Jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella Pneumoniae

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22
Q

Mucoid sputum

A

Chlamydia psittaci

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23
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

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24
Q

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

A

classically from primary
renal cell carcinoma

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25
morning headache
hypercapnia or side effect of nitrates
26
ACTH secreting lung tumour
small cell carcinoma of the lung
27
PTH secreting lung tumor
squamous cell carcinoma of lung
28
increased serum ACE and Ca2+
Sarcoid
29
Eggshell calcification at hilar region
silicosis
30
‘Heart-failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces
found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated severe left ventricular heart failure. Also seen in long standing pulmonary hypertension
31
Ghon Focus
An area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung, beneath the pleura - found in tuberculosis infection
32
Assmann Focus
Apical lesion of secondary tuberculous infection
33
. ‘Coin lesion’ found on chest radiographs
a rounded solitary lesion. The common lesions are: Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, Metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney), Bronchial hamartoma, Carcinoid tumour, Granulomatous inflammation, Lung abscess
34
Horner’s Syndrome
Can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes or a Pancoast’s tumour. Signs include: ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (small pupil), and lack of sweating on the ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of the face. This is due to invasion, of the cervical sympathetic chain.
35
. Acute management of Asthma: OSHIT MAN:
a. Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask b. Salbutamol Nebulised back-to-back. c. Hydrocortisone IV or Prednisolone PO d. Ipratropium Bromide Nebulised hourly e. Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV f. Magnesium and call an g. Anesthetic
36
Thumbprint sign on head x ray
epiglottis
37
Inspiratory whoop/barking cough
pertussis
38
Snow storm appearance on x ray
baritosis, silicosis
39
Management of infective exacerbation of COPD
iSOAP i - ipratropium S - Salbutamol O - Oxygen A - amoxicillin P - prednisolone
40
Non-smoker + lung cancer =
(peripheral) adenocarcinoma
41
Squamous + Small-cell Lung cancers =
CENTRAL
42
High d-dimers
suspect (but not diagnose) Pulmonary Embolism (send for CTPA or V/Q scan
43
Low d-dimers
exclude Pulmonary Embolism
44
Large PE:
thrombolysis
45
Small PE:
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
46
respiratory alkalosis
panic attack
47
frank pus on aspiration
empyema
48
obstructive lung disease- raised eosinophils
asthma
49
obstructive lung disease- raised neutrophils
COPD
50
Pickwickian disease (a.k.a Obesity hypoventilation syndrome)
obese people whose body fat preventing air getting in. Causes sleep apnoea and hypercapnia (high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood). Buzzword: overnight nasal ventilation
51
Guillian-Barre disease
disease which causes paralysis. Normally preceded by a strep. throat/infection of respiratory or GI tract. A.K.A polyneuritis (meaning rapidly progressive, ascending motor neurone paralysis, beginning in the feet and ascending to the other muscles)
52
Coal workers pneumoconiosis -
two types Simple coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (the disease in its early form) and progressive massive fibrosis (the disease in its later form).Problems found at the apex of the lung
53
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
occurs when non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema leads to acute respiratory failure. CXR shows bilateral alveolar shadowing
54
Pulmonary oedema
CXR showing bats wings(perihilar shadowing), upper lobe venous diversion, fluid in horizontal fissue, kerley B lines (small horizontal lines in the periphery due to fluid in the interlobular septae and pleural effusions)
55
Treatment of a pneumothorax
options are observation, needle, chest tube insertion, surgery
56
TLCO
how well oxygen can diffuse into the blood
57
Asbestosis
- problems found at the base of the lung
58
Treatment of P.E.
- if not immediately life threatening then anticoagulation therapy (IV warfarin and heparin)
59
Type 1 diabetic presents with vomiting and not taking her insulin. Dehydrated and deep labored breathing
metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis).
60
22 year old woman, weight loss, sputum, night sweats, tender well defined nodules on shins bilaterally
– erythema nodosum
61
Honeycomb lung
fibrosing alveolitis
62
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
granulomatous inflammation of the lungs
63
Exudate
= (extra) protein > 30
64
Transudate
= (less) protein < 30
65
hypercalcaemia from squamous cell carcinoma
moans (constipation, nausea), stones , bones, and groans (confusion, memory loss)
66
Tb drugs
2 RIPE 4 RI
67
Rifampin –
side effect of red-orange discoloration of urine and tears, rashes and hepatotoxicity
68
Isoniazid
tingling, parasthesiae of the extremities
69
Pyrazinamide
joint pain, rash, allergic reaction, yellow skin or eyes, worsening gout
70
Ethambutol –
change in vision, optic neuritis and red-green colour blindness
71
Causes of Pulmonary Fibrosis- breast
Bleomycin Radiation Extrinsic allergic alveolitis Ankylosing Spondylitis Sarcoidosis Tuberculosis
72
NODOSUM spelt backwards reveals some causes of erythema nodosum, the more common appear first
Mycobacteria (TB) - Ulcerative colitis/Crohns disease Sarcoidosis Other infections (streptococcus, mycoplasma, EBV) Drugs including sulphonamides and oral contraceptive pill Occult malignancy No cause found/nurturing (pregnancy

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