C:7 Organic Chemistry Paper 2 Flashcards
(44 cards)
How is Crude oil made and What Resource is Crude Oil?
- Crude Oil is made from the remains of tiny ancient marine animals and plants the maturity of which was plankton.
- Crude Oil is a finite resource that is found in rocks.
What Happened to The remains of ancient marine life and what happened To the Remains over millions of years?
- The Remains of Anent marine animals and plants have sank to the bottom of the sea where they were buried under layers of sand and silt.
- Over Millions of years the remains were buried deeper and deeper.
The Great (_______) and (________________) At this depth as was a lack of (____________) gas turned the remains into crude oil and gas.
- Heat, Pressure and Oxygen.
What is Crude oil made up of and what are hydrocarbons?
- Crude oil is made up of a mixture of different sized hydrocarbons.
- Hydrocarbons are compounds that are only made up of the elements hydrogen and carbon.
What are the Hydrocarbons compounds in crude oil called and what does this means about the carbon bond?
- Most Hydrocarbons in crude oil are compounds called alkanes.
- They are Saturated Hydrocarbons which means all C-C bonds are single bonds.
Name the 3 Types of Bonds?
- 1) Ionic Boding.
- 2) Covalent Bonding.
- 3) Metallic Bonding.
Write a Definition of Covalent Bonding and Metaling Bonding?
- Covalent Bonding is when 2 Non metals react together.
- Metallic Bonding is when 2 Metals or alloys react together.
Write a Definition of Ionic Bonding?
- Ionic Bonding is when a Metal and a Non - Metal react together.
What Do Electrons fully want to achieve and How many electrons are allowed on the first shell and how many are allowed on the 2nd and 3rd shell?
- Electrons Wants to achieve a full outer shell.
- On the first shell only 2 electrons Are allowed.
- On the 2nd and 3rd shell Only 8 Electrons Are allowed.
In 3 Steps how do You draw a Dot and Cross Diagram?
- 1) First Draw the electron shells for oxygen and hydrogen.
- 2) Next Oxygen has 6 electrons in its outer shell and needs 2 more to be stable. Hydrogen has 1 electron and needs 1 more.
-3) Draw the shared electrons as dots (for one atom) and crosses (for the other atom) to show they are shared.
In Alkanes what does each carbon atom form?
- In Alkanes each carbon atom forms 4 single covalent bonds.
Name the First 4 Alkanes?
- 1) Methane.
- 2) Ethane.
- 3) Propane.
- 4) Butane.
What’s the mnemonic to remember the first 4 Alkanes?
- Monkeys - Methane - Carbon 1
- Eat - Ethane - Carbon 2
- Peanut - Propane - Carbon 3
- Butter - Butane - Carbon 4
- Monkeys eat peanut butter
Alkanes are a family of hydrocarbon compounds with a general formula (______________)
- Cn H2n+2
What do you do in the alkane general formula and give a example of a alkane general forumla?
- First You Times the Number by 2 and then you add 2 to the number you just times.
- For Example my carbon number is 6 So 6 x 2 = 12 and 12+2=14 so the amount of hydrogens is 14.
How do Work out the Molecular formula for a specific alkanes and give a example?
- First You need to count how many carbon and hydrogen bonds are in the molecular formula.
- For Example In Propane Has 3 Carbons are 8 Hydrogens so we write the molecular formulas as C3 H8.
What Is the Trend in Boiling Points as you go down the alkanes and Why is there a trend in boiling point?
- The Trend in boiling Points in Alkanes is that it Increases.
- This Is Because the chain gets bigger and the molecules get longer also There are more intermolecular forces between the bonds.
Write a Definition of Volatile and What happens to Alkanes With shorter Bonds?
- Volatile is when they evaporate more easily due to their Low Boling Point.
- Alkanes with shorter bonds are more Volatile.
Write a Definition of Viscosity and What Happens to the viscosity of alkanes as we go down the group?
- Viscosity is how Runny or Sticky a Substance is.
-Alkanes Become More Viscous when we go down the group.
Write a Definition of Flammability and Combustion?
- Combustion is an Exothermic Reaction Between a Fuel and Oxygen it Also means Burning.
- Flammability is how easy it is to ignite a Substance.
Name 3 Properties that change in hydrocarbons as the chain gets Longer?
- 1) The More Viscous it is.
- 2) The Boling Point Increases.
- 3) The less flammable the hydrocarbon is.
What’s the Difference Between complete and Incomplete Combustion?
- Complete Combustion Releases Carbon Dioxide.
- But Incomplete Combustion Resales Carbon Monoxide.
What Does Complete Combustion Releases lots of and What does this make them useful as?
- Complete Combustion realises lots of Energy.
- This can be used as a useful fuel.
Name the 2 Products of Complete Combustion?
- 1) Carbon Dioxide.
- 2) Water Vapour.
