C:1 Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table Paper 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Write a Definition of a Atom?
A
- A Atom is a the smallest part of an element that can exists.
2
Q
What’s the Atomic Radius of a Atom?
A
- The Atomic Radius of a Atom is About 0.1 Nanometres.
3
Q
What’s Charge would the Nucleus be and what fills half of the mass of the Atom?
A
- It Would be Positive charge because of The Protons.
- Almost the whole mass of the atom is in the nucleus.
4
Q
Write a Definition of The Nucleus (Atom)?
A
- The Nucleus is the center of the atom containing protons and neutrons.
5
Q
Write a Definition of an Electron?
A
- a Electron is a Negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of a Atom.
6
Q
How many electrons does The 1st, 2nd , 3rd Shells Each hold?
A
- The 1st Shell Holds 2 Electrons
- The 2nd and 3rd Shell Both Hold 8 electrons.
7
Q
What’s the Relative Mass and Relative charge of a Proton?
A
- The Relative Mass of a Proton is 1.
- And The Relative Charge is +1.
8
Q
What’s the Relative Mass and Relative charge of a Neutron?
A
- The Relative Mass of a Neuron is 1.
- And The Relative Charge is 0.
9
Q
What’s the Relative Mass and Relative charge of a Electron?
A
- The Relative Mass of a Electron is Very small.
- And the Relative Charge is -1.
10
Q
What Does the Atomic Number of a Element tell you?
A
It Tells us The Number of Protons and Electrons.
11
Q
What Equations Tells you the number of neutrons?
A
- Mass Number - Atomic Number
12
Q
Write a Definition of an Ion?
A
- A Ion is a Charged Particle formed when one or more electrons are lost or gained from an atom or molecule.
13
Q
What Would Happen If A Ion gains a Extra Electron and What Would Be The Charge of The Ion?
A
- If a Ion Gains a Extra Electron It Would be a Negative Ion.
- and The Overall Charge will 1 -
14
Q
What Would Happen if a Ion loses and What would be the Charge of the Ion?
A
- If a Ion Loses a Electron then it would be a Positive Ion.
- And the Overall Charge will be 1+.
15
Q
Write a Definition of Isotope?
A
- A Isotope is a Different Form of the Same Element which has atoms With The Same Number of Protons but a different number of neutrons and it has a different mass number.
16
Q
What Would Happen if a Element has A Number of Isotopes?
A
- If a Element has a Number of Isotopes then it can be describe using Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) Instead of a Mass Number.
17
Q
What’s The Formula to Work out The Relative Atomic Mass of an Element?
A
Sum of ( Isotope Abundance x Isotope mass Number) ÷ Sum of Abunces of all isotopes.
18
Q
Write a Definition of a Compound?
A
- A Compound is a Substance with 2 or more different elements held for 2 Chemical bonds.
19
Q
How Do you Separate a Compound?
A
- The Only way to separate a Compound into elements is by using a Chemical Reaction.
20
Q
In 3 Steps How do You Balance a Chemical Equation?
A
- 1) Write down the number of atoms for each element on both sides of the equation.
- 2) Add big numbers in front of the compounds to make the atoms equal but start with metals, Non-metals and leave oxygen and hydrogen at last.
- 3) Recount atoms to ensure balance and double check again.
21
Q
Name 2 Rules Of Chemical Equations?
A
- 1) Can’t Change the Little Numbers.
- 2) Keep whole Numbers.
22
Q
Write a Definition of a Mixture and Give a Example of a Mixture?
A
- A Mixture consist of 2 or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.
- For example air.
23
Q
In Chromatography What’s the Mobile phase and Stationary phase?
A
- The Mobile phase is a gas or liquid where molecules are able to move.
- the Stationary Phase is a Solid or really thick liquid where molecules are unable to move.
24
Q
Write a Definition of Insoluble and Soluble?
A
- Insoluble is a Substance that does not dissolve in a particular solvent.
- Soluble is a Substance that does Dissolves in a Solvent.
25
Write Down the mnemonic to Remember the History of the Atom?
- Jolly - ( John Dalton) - Solid Spheres
- Jimmy (J.J Thompson) - Plum Pudding Model
- Eats - (Ernest Rutherford) - Nuclear model
- Noodles ( Neil's Bohr) - Adapting Nuclear model
- Joyfully (James Chadwick)
26
What Does the Plum Pudding Model Suggest?
- The plum pudding model suggested the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedding it.
27
What Did Ernest Rutherford Do and what did it lead to?
- Ernest Rutherford took positive charged particles and fired it at a thin sheet of gold.
- Alpha Particle scattering led to the conclusion that the mass of an atom was concentrated at the centre and the nucleus was charged.
28
What was Neil's Bohr model and what did it suggest?
- Neil's Bohr model was the nuclear model
- It suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances.
29
What Did James Chadwick Provide?
- James Chadwick provided evidence to show the existence of neutrons without the nucleus.
30
Who created the Period Table and What Was Special About it?
- Mendeleev Created the period table.
- It was Special as New Elements Were discovered and Mendeleev discovered it and filled in the gaps.
31
What Does the Group Number tell you and What Happens When you go down the Group?
- The group Number tells you how many protons fit in the outmost shell.
- When you go down the groups the Elements become more reactive with water.
32
Where are Metals, Transition Metals and Non-Metals Found?
- Metals and Transition metals are found on the left hand side of the periodic table.
- Non - Metals Are found in the right hand side of the periodic table.
33
Name 2 Differences Between Metals and Non - Metals?
- Metals are Malleable and Good Conductors of Heat and Electricity.
-Non - Metals are Brittle and Bad conductors of heat and electricity.
34
What are Transition Metals?
- Transition metals are typical metals that have some extra properties for example they can form more than one ion.
35
What are Group 1 Metals Know as and What happens in terms of Reactivity?
- The group 1 Metals are know as alkali metals.
- The Reactivity increases as you go down the group.
36
Why does the reactivity increase as you go down group 1?
- It increases as They all have 1 electron in the outmost shell but as you go down the electron is further form the nucleus ands It more easier for it to lose that electron.
37
What Happens If a alkali metal Reacts with water?
- When the alkali metal is put in water it reacts vigorously to produce metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
38
What Happens If a alkali metal reacts with chlorine?
- They react vigorously when heated in chlorine gas and form white metal chloride salts.
39
What Happens If a alkali metal reacts with Oxygen?
- When alkali metals react with oxygen they form metal oxides.
- However the type of oxide depends on the metal.
40
What Is group 7 called and what do they have in common?
- Group 7 is called Halogens
- They have similar reactions because they all have 7 electrons in their outer shell.
- They are also non-metal and consist of molecules made of pairs of atoms.
41
How do Chlorine, bromine and iodine react with metals and non-metals?
- Chlorine, bromine and iodine react with metals they form ionic bonds and transfer electrons.
- Chlorine, bromine and iodine React with Non- Metal They form Covalent bonds and share electrons.
42
What are the trends in Group 7 and How does Displacement reaction work?
- The melting and Boling Point increases and the reactivity decreases.
- A More reactive halogen can displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt.
43
What's Group 0 Called and What similarities do they all have?
- Group 0 Is called the noble gases.
- They are colourless, Have full outer shells so they aren't reactive, They are Non-flammable.
44
What is the trend of Group 0?
- The boiling point increases as you go down
