C. Pseudotuberculosis

Question 1

what are the characteristics of C. pseudotuberculosis

Answer 1

gram +
facultative
intracellular
coccobacillus

Question 2

what does C. pseudotuberculosis cause

Answer 2

chronic abscess infection

Question 3

what species does C. pseudotuberculosis affect

Answer 3

sheep
goats
horses
cattle

Question 4

in what species does this bacteria cause caseous lymphadenitis

Answer 4

sheep & goats

Question 5

what does C. pseudotuberculosis cause in horses

Answer 5

ulcerative lymphangitis

Question 6

what can ulcerative lymphangitis cause

Answer 6

external and internal abscesses

Question 7

what are the main virulence factors for C. pseudotuberculosis

Answer 7

1. EXOTOXIN - PHOSPHOLIPASE D
2. facultative intracellular pathogen
3. surface lipid coat

Question 8

how does C. pseudotuberculosis enter the body

Answer 8

• skin breaks
• ingestion
• inhalation

Question 9

where does the C. pseudotuberculosis infection start (manifest)

Answer 9

lymph nodes

Question 10

how does Phospholipase D effect the pathogenesis of C. pseudotuberculosis

Answer 10

increases vascular permeability and spreads the infection

Question 11

what is a chronic and contagious disease in sheep and goats caused by C. tuberculosis

Answer 11

caseous lymphadenitis

Question 12

what are the signs of caseous lymphadenitis

Answer 12

-abscesses in the skin, lymph nodes and internal organs
-weight loss, poor health
-reduced wool and milk production

Question 13

what is another name for caseous lymphadenitis in female goats/sheep

Answer 13

Thin Ewe Syndrome

Question 14

in what group of animals are we most concerned about caseous lymphadenitis

Answer 14

small ruminant production

Question 15

what are the 2 forms of caseous lymphadenitis

Answer 15

external & internal presentation

Question 16

what are the common clinical signs of an external case of caseous lymphadenitis

Answer 16

Infections of:
- skin
-subcutaneous tissue
-peripheral lymph nodes

Question 17

what are common clinical signs in a case of internal caseous lymphadenitis

Answer 17

Abscesses in:
-lungs
-liver
-kidneys
-spleen
-internal lymph nodes

Question 18

what is the common characteristic of an early stage caseous lymphadenitis

Answer 18

pale green abscess

Question 19

what is the common characteristic of a late stage case of caseous lymphadenitis

Answer 19

-hardened cream abscess
-“cheesy” / “onion-like”

Question 20

where can ulcerative lymphangitis be found in a horse/cattle

Answer 20

external & internal

Question 21

what are common presenting signs of ulcerative lymphangitis

Answer 21

• inflammation of lymphatic vessels
  -formation of abscesses on legs
  -thick green extrudate

Question 22

True or False:

ulcerative lymphangitis is a localized infection

Answer 22

FALSE
ulcerative lymphangitis can spread to other organs due to the involvement of the lymph system

Question 23

True or False:

Internal abscesses are hard to diagnose

Answer 23

true

Question 24

what are the common clinical signs associated with internal abscesses of ulcerative lymphadenitis

Answer 24

-weight loss
-fever
-depression
-colic

Question 25

where are the internal abscess of ulcerative lymphadenitis often found

Answer 25

liver

Question 26

what is the diagnosis used for external abscesses of ulcerative lymphadenitis

Answer 26

bacteria culture - ELISA for antibody detection -isolation and PCR confirmation

Question 27

what bacteria causes ulcerative lymphadenitis in horses/ cattle

Answer 27

C. pseudotuberculosis

Question 28

what is not very effective as a treatment of internal abscesses due to ulcerative lymphadenitis

Answer 28

antibiotics - thick abscess capsule and intracellular location

Question 29

how does one treat an external abscess formed by ulcerative lymphadenitis

Answer 29

surgical incision to drain

Question 30

what is the prevention protocol for C. pseudotuberculosis

Answer 30

vaccination -inactivated whole cell wall and phospholipase D

Question 31

which corynebacterium bacteria is mostly found in female cattle

Answer 31

C. renale

Question 32

where does C. renale infect

Answer 32

-bladder -ureters -kidney -pelvis

Question 33

what is the pathogenesis of C. renale

Answer 33

attachment to the epithelial cells of the urinary and reproductive tracts and ascends into the kidneys

Question 34

what is the result of C. renale in the kidneys

Answer 34

pyelonephritis

Question 35

what other clinical signs/ problems can occur from the presence of C. renale

Answer 35

1. hemorrhagic cystitis 2. ulceration of the bladder 3. ureteritis 4. pyelonephritis

Question 36

what are the clinical signs of C. renale

Answer 36

-arched back -urine in small frequent quantities -presence of albumin, leukocytes, and small blood clots in urine -fever -anorexia

Question 37

what bacteria is normally found in the prepuce of sheep and goats

Answer 37

C. pilosum

Question 38

what does C. pilosum cause in goats and sheep

Answer 38

posthitis

Question 39

what is posthitis

Answer 39

preputial ulcerative dermatitis

Question 40

what bacteria is commonly associated with Posthitis

Answer 40

C. pilosum

Question 41

what is a predisposing factor for Posthitis

Answer 41

high protein diets high urea excretion = high ammonia

Question 42

what is a concern with Posthitis

Answer 42

secondary bacterial infections

Question 43

what is the treatment of Posthitis

Answer 43

penicillin trimethoprin-sulfamethaxazole

Question 44

what is the prevention protocol for C. pilosum

Answer 44

reduction in protein diet