C1 Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are hormones?
Molecules that send signals in the body influencing mood, growth, and metabolism.
What are steroids?
Molecules with a 17 carbon four ring structure. Modifications on the structure determine identity and function.
What is the structure of steroid hormones?
They have the same ring structure as steroids and include sex hormones like oestrogen and testosterone.
What are the types of hormones?
Peptide hormones, amino acid derivatives, and eicosanoids.
What is cholesterol?
A sterol (steroid with a hydroxy group) found in cell membranes, making up 30% of the membrane, and regulates fluidity and rigidity.
What are corticosteroids?
A class of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal gland that affect metabolism.
What are mineralocorticoids?
Hormones that regulate electrolytes in the body by acting on ion transports in the kidneys.
How do steroid hormones signal?
They are lipophilic, diffuse across the lipid membrane, bind to intracellular receptors, and alter gene transcription.
How do peptide hormones signal?
They are hydrophilic, bind to surface receptors, activate internal signalling molecules, leading to gene expression changes.
What is a selective receptor modulator?
A compound that acts as an agonist or antagonist depending on the tissue it is on.
What are the types of sex hormones?
Androgens (testosterone), estrogens (estradiol), and progestogens (progesterone).
What are synthetic sex hormones?
Androgens (testosterone esters, nandrolone), estrogens (ethinyl estradiol), and progestogens (levonorgestrel, norethisterone).
What does lipophilicity refer to?
The ability of a molecule to dissolve in lipids, existing on a scale of polarity and lipophilicity.
What is low logP?
Indicates a polar, lipophobic, and hydrophilic molecule.
What is high logP?
Indicates a non-polar, lipophilic, and hydrophobic molecule.
