C1

Question 1

What is a particle?

Answer 1

A particle is a tiny bit of matter

Question 2

What is the particle model?

Answer 2

The particle model describes how particles are arranged and how they move in solids, liquids and gases

Question 3

How are solids arranged and how do their particles move?

Answer 3

Solids are arranged regularly, with a very close distance between particles, and vibration about fixed positions

Question 4

How are liquids arranged and how do their particles move?

Answer 4

Liquids are randomly arranged, with a close distance between particles and particles moving around each other

Question 5

How are gases arranged and how do their particles move?

Answer 5

Gases are randomly arranged, with a far distance between particles and particles move quickly in all directions

Question 6

What are physical changes?

Answer 6

Physical changes are changes where no new substances are made, and the particles stay the same, just in different forms. Physical changes are easy to reverse

Question 7

What are chemical changes?

Answer 7

Chemical changes are changes that produce one or more new substances, which are chemically bonded in different ways. These are very difficult or impossible to reverse.

Question 8

What are the forces between particles?

Answer 8

Particles have electrostatic forces of attraction between positive and negative charges. The forces become weaker the further apart the particles are.

Question 9

What are the limitations of the particle model?

Answer 9

The particle model doesn’t take the forces between particles, the size of particles and the space between particles into account.

Question 10

Describe the atom

Where is most of the atom’s mass?

Answer 10

An atom is a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons, with the nuclear radius much smaller than that of the atom and most of the mass inside the nucleus

Question 11

What is the typical size of an atom?

Answer 11

10^-10m

Question 12

What is atomic radius?

Answer 12

Half the atoms diameter

Question 13

What is bond length?

Answer 13

The distance between the centres of two joined atoms

Question 14

What is the relative mass and charge of a proton?

Answer 14

1, +1

Question 15

What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?

Answer 15

1, 0

Question 16

What is the relative mass and charge of an electron?

Answer 16

0.0005, -1

Question 17

How do you calculate the number of protons in an atom or ion?

Answer 17

The number of protons is the atoms atomic number

Question 18

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom or ion?

Answer 18

The number of neutrons is the

mass number - atomic number

Question 19

How do you calculate the number of electrons in an atom or ion?

Answer 19

For an atom, it is equal to the number of protons (atomic number)
For an ion, it is the atomic number - charge on ion

Question 20

Ion

Answer 20

a charged particle, formed when atoms, or groups of atoms gain or lose electrons

Question 21

Atomic number

Answer 21

the number of protons in an atoms nucleus

Question 22

mass number

Answer 22

the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 23

isotope

What are the mass number and atomic number in an isotope?

Answer 23

an atom with the same number of protons and electrons, but different numbers of neutrons in comparison to its element form. this means isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number