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Question 1

What is relative atomic mass?

Answer 1

Relative atomic mass, Ar, is the mean mass of an element compared to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 2

What is relative formula mass?

Answer 2

Relative formula mass, Mr, is the mean mass of a unit of substance compared to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 3

What is relative molecular mass?

Answer 3

Relative molecular mass, Mr, is the mean mass of a unit of a molecule compared to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom

Question 4

Appearance of metals and non-metals

Answer 4

Metals are shiny, non-metals are dull

Question 5

Melting and boiling point of metals and non-metals

Answer 5

Metals usually have high melting and boiling points, while non-metals are usually low

Question 6

State at room temperature for metals and non-metals

Answer 6

Metals are solid, non-metals have half solid, half gas

Question 7

Malleable or brittle when solid for metals and non-metals

Answer 7

Metals are malleable, non-metals are brittle

Question 8

Ductile or non-ductile when solid for metals and non-metals

Answer 8

Metals are ductile, while non-metals are non-ductile

Question 9

Thermal and electrical conductivity for metals and non-metals

Answer 9

Metals are good conductors, non-metals are poor conductors

Question 10

How do metals and non-metals form ions?

Answer 10

Metals lose electrons to form positive ions, while non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions

Question 11

How do metals and non-metals react with each other?

Answer 11

Metals don’t react with each other (mix to form alloys) while non-metals react to produce compounds that consist of molecules

Question 12

What types of solutions do metals and non-metal oxides form when placed in water?

Answer 12

Metal oxides form alkaline solutions

Non-metal oxides produce acidic solutions

Question 13

How do ionic compounds form?

Answer 13

When a metal reacts with a non-metal, electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the non-metal atoms so both achieve more stable electronic structures

Question 14

How are ionic compounds structured?

Answer 14

Ionic compounds contain positive and negative ions arranged in a regular way. This is called a giant ionic lattice

Question 15

How are ions in ionic compounds held in place?

Answer 15

Ions are held in place by ionic bonds, which are electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 16

What are the limitations of dot and cross diagrams?

Answer 16

Dot and cross diagrams don’t show the 3D structure

Question 17

What are the limitations of ball and stick models?

Answer 17

Ions are close together, and bonds are forces rather than physical objects made from matter, size is exaggerated

Question 18

What are covalent bonds and how do they form?

Answer 18

Covalent bonds are shared pairs of electrons, which form between two non-metal atoms when the atoms get close enough to share electrons, to complete their outer shells

Question 19

What are simple molecules?

Answer 19

Simple molecules are molecules that contain only a few atoms

Question 20

What are the forces in covalent bonds?

Answer 20

In covalent bonds, they involve electrostatic forces of attraction between the nucleus of each bonded atom and the shared electrons

Question 21

The … between atoms in a simple molecule are …, but the … are …

Answer 21

covalent bonds, strong, intermolecular forces, weak

Question 22

What are the limitations of a displayed formula?

Answer 22

A displayed formula doesn’t show the shape of the simple molecule, or the 3D part of it

Question 23

What are giant covalent structures?

Answer 23

Giant covalent structures consist of many non-metal atoms joined by covalent bonds

Question 24

How are atoms arranged in a giant covalent structure?

Answer 24

In a repeating regular pattern called a giant covalent lattice

Question 25

What are the chemical formulae of giant covalent structures?

Answer 25

They are represented as empirical formulae because there are so many atoms

Question 26

What are polymers?

Answer 26

Polymers are molecules that join end to end from smaller molecules called monomers

Question 27

How are polymer molecules modelled?

Answer 27

Polymers are modelled using their monomer form, using dot and cross, space filling and ball & stick models

Question 28

What are repeating units?

Answer 28

Repeating units are sections of a polymer that is repeated over and over again, rather like links in a chain

Question 29

What are the structure of metals like?

Answer 29

Metal atoms are packed together in a regular way, forming a giant metallic lattice

Question 30

How can you model a metal?

Answer 30

By drawing circles or spheres arranged in a regular pattern

Question 31

What are metallic bonds?

Answer 31

Metallic bonds are the strong electrostatic forces between delocalised electrons and the closely packed, positively charged metal ions

Question 32

What are the limitations of the isometric diagram of the metal?

Answer 32

An isometric diagram doesn't show the delocalised electrons, and the subatomic particles overlap

Question 33

What are the limitations of the elevation view of the metal?

Answer 33

It doesn't show the 3D structure of the metal of the metallic bonding it has

Question 34

How are the reactions of elements related to the arrangement of electrons in the atoms?

Answer 34

As elements lose or gain certain numbers of electrons in order to complete their outer shells in reactions

Question 35

How are reactions of elements related to the atomic number?

Answer 35

As the number of electrons before the reaction represents the atomic number

Question 36

Groups 1 and 2 become ... reactive as you go down the group

Answer 36

more

Question 37

Group 7 becomes ... reactive as you go down the group

Answer 37

less

Question 38

What was Mendeleev's first arrangement of the periodic table?

Answer 38

Mendeleev's arranged all the elements known in order of atomic weight, and he grouped the ones with similar chemical properties

Question 39

How was Mendeleev's arrangement refined?

Answer 39

He rotated his table so the groups were shown as columns

Question 40

What did Henry Moseley do and what did this lead to?

Answer 40

Henry Moseley discovered that an atoms atomic number was the number of protons in its nucleus, and this led to the creation of the modern Periodic Table