C1 - Atomic structure

Question 1

What are some ways of seperating mixtures?

Answer 1

Filtration
Crystalisation
Distillation
Chromatography

Question 2

What was JJ Thompsons discovery in 1897?

Answer 2

The Plum Pudding Model

Question 3

What was the plum pudding model idea?

Answer 3

That an atom was a ball of positive charge with electrons in it

Question 4

What did Bohr propose in 1913?

Answer 4

That the electrons orbit the nucleus

Question 5

What did Rutherford discover after his previous nuclear model was incorrect?

Answer 5

Protons

Question 6

Lastly, What did James Chadwick discover?

Answer 6

neutrons

Question 7

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 7

1

Question 8

What is the relative mass of a neutron

Answer 8

1

Question 9

What is the relative charge of an electron

Answer 9

-1

Question 10

What is the atomic number?

Answer 10

The amount of protons the element has

Question 11

How do you calculate the mass number of an element?

Answer 11

Protons + neutrons

Question 12

What is an isotope?

Answer 12

Atoms with the same number of PROTONS but DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS

Question 13

How does an atom turn into a positive ion? (Ionization)

Answer 13

If an electron in the outershell gains too much energy it will leave the atom
There will be more protons than electons
So it becomes a positive ion

Question 14

What do ‘subatomic particles’ refer to?

Answer 14

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

Question 15

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 15

+1

Question 16

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 16

0

Question 17

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 17

0.0005

Question 18

What did Rutherford propose?

Answer 18

There was some sort of compact nucleus

Question 19

What is Filtration?

Answer 19

The technique that separates insoluble solids from liquids

Question 20

What is an example of a filtration experiment? What is the insoluble substance? What is the soluble substance? And what is the solvent?

Answer 20

Experiment of seperating SALT and SAND mixture
Solvent = water and salt mixed
Insoluble = sand (cannot be dissolved)
Soluble = salt

Question 21

What does the term ‘mixture’ include in seperation techniques?

Answer 21

A liquid and an insoluble solid

Question 22

What is an example of a ‘mixture’ in seperation techniques and why?

Answer 22

Sand in Water
because the sand does not dissolve in the water

Question 23

What does a ‘Solution’ include in seperation techniques?

Answer 23

A liquid and a soluble solid

Question 24

What is a solvent?

Answer 24

A liquid that is capable of dissolving one or more substances

Question 25

What is crystallisation?

Answer 25

The technique that seperates a soluble substance from a solvent, by heating

Question 26

What is distillation?

Answer 26

The technique that seperates a liquid from a mixture by evaporation, followed by condensation

Question 27

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 27

The technique that seperates a mixture into a number of diffrent fractions (parts)

Question 28

Where would you find the mass number of an element symbol?

Answer 28

The TOP number

Question 29

Where would you find the atomic number on an element symbol?

Answer 29

The BOTTOM number

Question 30

What did John Dalton's think the Atomic model consisted of?

Answer 30

An atom was a solid sphere that could not be divided. (No subatomic particles)

Question 31

Why do atoms have no overall charge?

Answer 31

They have an equal number of protons and electrons

Question 32

What did scientists discover in the alpha scattering experiment?

Answer 32

Some alpha particles were deflected by the gold foil

Question 33

What did the Alpha scattering experiment conclude to?

Answer 33

An atoms mass and positive charge must be concentrated in a nucleus

Question 34

What is the atomic theory?

Answer 34

The idea that everything is made up of tiny particles seperated by empty space

Question 35

Who founded the atomic theory?

Answer 35

Democritus (500 BC)

Question 36

How do you calculate the relative atomic mass of an isotope?

Answer 36

Multiply the % abundance of each isotope with its mass Add them together and then divide by 100 (%)

Question 37

Why do atoms have only 2 electrons in its innermost shell?

Answer 37

The innermost shell can only hold 2 electrons

Question 38

Suggest 2 reasons why a discovery of an element like Gallium helped Mendeleevs Periodic table become accepted

Answer 38

Gallium fit a gap that Mendeleev had left Galliums properties were predicted correctly

Question 39

What is one limitation of using a dot and cross diagram to show a molecule?

Answer 39

Its only in 2D and not 3D

Question 40

How did Niehl Bohr adapt the Nuclear Model?

Answer 40

He made the electrons orbit the nucleus Electrons had a specific distance from the nucleus

Question 41

A student prepared pure, dry crystals of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) starting from magnesium oxide (MgO) powder and dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Write the balanced equation for this reaction.

Answer 41

MgO + H2SO4 ----->> MgSO4 + H2O