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GCSE Chemistry > C9 - Crude Oil and Fuels > Flashcards

C9 - Crude Oil and Fuels Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Crude oil?

A

Thick Dark brown liquid found deep in the earths crust

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2
Q

What is a hydrocarbon made up of?

A

A molecule of Hydrogen and Carbon

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3
Q

What is the technique used for SEPERATING hyrdocarbons?

A

Distillation

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4
Q

If the Hydrocarbon molecule is longer, what happens to the boiling point?

A

It becomes higher

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5
Q

What is Crude Oil formed from?

A

Remains of dead Plants, Algae and animals, mainly plankton, from millions of years

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6
Q

Where in the fractionating column is the temperature the lowest?

A

The Top

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7
Q

Other than boiling point, how do the fractions of crude oil differ from each other?

A

Carbon chain length
Viscosity
Colour

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8
Q

Where are hyrdocarbons found?

A

Crude Oil

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9
Q

What is the general formula for the compounds found in crude oil?

A

CnH2n+2

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10
Q

What is the purpose of fractional distillation?

A

To seperate the different lengths of hydrocarbons

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11
Q

Give three example of fuels which are produced from crude oil that are used in our society

A

Petrol
Diesel
Bitumen (used for road surfacing)

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12
Q

Which hydrocarbon length is the most flammable?

A

The shortest ones

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13
Q

What differentiates an ALKANE and an ALKENE?

A

An Alkene has a double bond

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14
Q

What do you get when cracking a long-chain alkane?

A

A short-chain Alkane and an Alkene

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15
Q

Decribe a single bond hydrocarbon

A

Its an Alkane and it is Saturated

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16
Q

Describe a double bond hydrocarbon

A

It is an Alkene and is unsaturated

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17
Q

What is the test to find out if a hydrocarbon is an ALKENE?

A

Pour Bromine into a solution of Alkenes
If they decolourize the bromine it is an alkene

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18
Q

Why are hyrdocarbons used as fuels?

A

When they react with Oxygen, they release alot of energy

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19
Q

What is the reaction of Hydrocarbons and oxygen called?

A

Combustion

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20
Q

What does viscosity mean?

A

The thickness

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21
Q

What are the first four alkanes called?

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

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22
Q

What is cracking?

A

breaking down a hydrocarbon with a long chain into smaller molecules

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23
Q

Describe the reactivity of alkenes compared to alkanes

A

alkenes are much more reactive

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24
Q

What is complete combustion?

A

A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —> Carbon Dioxide + Water

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25
Why is Crude Oil finite?
Since it takes millions of yeara to form, It will run out eventually
26
Why do we seperate different lengths of crude oils?
They have different properties that can be used for different things
27
What type of series are alkenes?
Homologous series
28
What is a homologous series?
A group of organic compounds that react in a similar way
29
What does it mean when 'Alkanes are saturated compounds'?
Each carbon atoms forms four single covalent bonds
30
What are the properties of a short hydrocarbon chain length?
More volatile - low boiling points More flammable - easier to ignite Less viscous
31
What are the waste products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?
Carbon dioxide and water vapour
32
Why are hydrocarbons used as fuels?
they release alot of energy when they combust completely
33
What process occurs during combustion?
Both carbon and hydrogen oxidise
34
What can Oxidation also be defined as?
The gain of oxygen
35
How are the different hydrocarbon lengths in Crude Oil separated?
By fractional distillation
36
What type of fuel is Crude Oil?
A fossil fuel
37
What conditions do the remains of plants, animals and algae have to be in to turn into crude oil?
High temperatures and pressure over millions of years
38
How is crude oil extracted from the earth?
Its drilled up from the rocks
39
Is crude oil a renewable resource or non renewable resourse?
Non renewable resource
40
Why is Crude Oil a non renewable resource/fuel
They are being used up much faster than they are being formed
41
What is the most common type of hydrocarbons?
Alkanes
42
Why are the shorter chain hydrocarbons the best fuels?
They are the most flammable
43
How does fractional distillation work?
Feed the oil into a heating chamber so it turns to gas Pass the gaseous mixture into a fractionating column The bottom of the colomn makes the gases the hottest As it rises up it reaches a lower region of temperature than its boiling point and turns into a liquid again It varies for each chain length so they turn into liquid at different points This seperates the different chain lengths
44
Where in the fractionating column are small chain molecules collected?
At the top of the column as they have lower boiling points
45
Where in the fractionating column are large chain molecules collected?
At the bottom of the column as they have higher boiling points
46
What are 'Petrochemicals'?
All the substances you get from crude oil
47
What is 'feedstock'?
Raw materials for the petrochemical industry
48
What do you use feedstock to make in the Petrochemical industry?
Feedstock is used to make: Solvents Lubricants Polymers Detergents
49
Why are sulfur impurities removed before petrol is burned in car engines?
Sulfer dioxide will be produced during combustion. This can cause acid rain and respiratory problems
50
Why is heavy fuel oil more viscous than keroscene
Heavy fuel oil has larger molecule size than keroscene As molecular size increases, viscosity increases
51
What conditions are needed to crack hydrogen molecules?
High temperatures Steam Catalysts
52
Glass is made by heating sand with two other materials. Which two other materials are used to make glass?
Limestone Sodium carbonate
53
Glass is made by heating sand with two other materials. Which two other materials are used to make glass?
Limestone Sodium carbonate
54
Suggest two reasons why bitumen is not used as a fuel.
Its too viscous Not very flammable
55
Describe the conditions needed to crack hydrocarbon molecules from the diesel oil fraction
Needs high temperatures with steam and catalysts
56
What is the name of the monomer used to produce poly(propene)?
Propene
57
What is a hydrocarbon?
Any compound made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms only
58
Why is an ester not a hydrocarbon?
It contains Oxygen (not only Carbon and Hydrogen)
59
What does it mean when an alkane is described as saturated?
Each carbon atoms forms four single covalent bonds
60
What are the waste products during the complete combustion of any hydrocarbon and oxygen?
Carbon dioxide + water vapour
61
What type of reaction is cracking?
A thermal decomposition reaction - breaking molecules by heating them
62
What type of bond does an alkane have?
C-C single bond
63
What type of bond does an alkene have?
C=C double bond
64
What makes an alkene unsaturated?
The C=C double bond means that the carbon can only share two hydrogen bonds instead of 4
65
What are the first 4 alkenes?
Ethene, propene, butene, pentene
66
What is incomplete combustion between hydrocarbons and oxygen?
When there is not enough oxygen in the air for complete combustion
67
What are the waste products between in incomplete combustion between any hydrocarbon and oxygen?
Carbon + Carbon Monoxide + Water
68
Why is incomplete combustion bad?
One of the waste products are Carbon Monoxide which is a poisonous gas
69
What does incomplete combustion result in?
Carbon monoxide release A smokey flame Less energy released

GCSE Chemistry (15 decks)

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