C1 Atomic Structure

Question 1

proton number

Answer 1

number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom

Question 2

nucleon number

Answer 2

total number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom

Question 3

proton relative mass and charge

Answer 3

relative mass: 1, charge: +1

Question 4

neutron relative mass and charge

Answer 4

relative mass: 1, charge: 0

Question 5

electron relative mass and charge

Answer 5

relative mass: 1/1836, charge: -1

Question 6

Explan deflection of proton, neutron and electron at positive and negative plates

Answer 6

neutron is not deflected by electrically charged plate as it is uncharged, protons is deflected towards negatively charged plate, electron is deflected towards positively charged plate (and deflected MORE because of its lower mass)

Question 7

relationship between angle of deflection and charge/mass ratio

Answer 7

directly proportional

Question 8

isotopes

Answer 8

atoms of the same elements with the same proton number but different nucleon number

Question 9

isotopes chemical properties and physical properties

Answer 9

SAME chemical properties because they have same number of electrons, DIFF physical properties because they have diff mass numbers

Question 10

weird electronic configurations

Answer 10

Cr: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
Cu: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1

Question 11

free radical

Answer 11

a species that contains one or more unpaired electrons

Question 12

rule of 4s subshell in electronic configuration cations and anions

Answer 12

first in, first out

Question 13

first IE

Answer 13

energy needed to remove an electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms

Question 14

eq for first IE

Answer 14

M(g) –> M+(g) + e-

Question 15

factors affecting first IE

Answer 15

1. nuclear charge (across Period)
   when proton number increases, nuclear charge increases, shielding effect remains relatively constant, electrostatic attraction between nucleus and outer electron becomes stronger, first IE increases
2. shielding effect
   down the group, number of filled electron shells increases, shielding effect experienced by outer electron increases, electrostatic attraction between nucleus and outer electron becomes weaker, first IE decreases (can also apply for spin-pair repulsion)

Question 16

anomalous trend across period (group 2 –> 13)

Answer 16

first electron to be removed from group 13 is from 3p orbital, which experiences greater shielding effect than 3s orbital

Question 17

anomalous trend across period (group 15 –> 16)

Answer 17

spin-pair repulsion between paired electrons in one 3p orbital in group 16 outweighs the increasing nuclear charge

Question 18

what does a big jump between 3rd & 4th IE mean?

Answer 18

element has 3 outer electrons, as the 4th electron is removed from inner shell, where it is subject to stronger nuclear attraction