C4 States of Matter

Question 1

ideal gas assumptions

Answer 1

1. negligible particle volume
2. no intermolecular forces between ideal gas particles
3. collisions between ideal gas particles are perfectly elastic

Question 2

conditions to approach ideal gas behaviour

Answer 2

1. high temperature
2. low pressure

Question 3

ideal gas equation

Answer 3

pV=nRT

p, pressure: Pa
V, volume: m^3
n, amount of gas particles: mol
R, gas constant: 8.31
T, temperature: K

Question 4

giant ionic

Answer 4

type of forces: electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

electrical conductivity: does not conduct when solid, conducts only in molten/aqueous state (contains mobile ions)

Question 5

giant metallic

Answer 5

type of forces: electrostatic attraction between cations and delocalised electrons

electrical conductivity: conducts in all states (contains delocalised electrons)

Question 6

why does Mg have higher melting point than Na?

Answer 6

Mg has more delocalised electrons than Na, so the metallic bond in Mg is stronger than Na

Question 7

why does MgO have higher melting point than NaCl?

Answer 7

Both Mg2+ and O2- have greater ionic charges than both Na+ and Cl-, so the ionic bond is stronger in MgO

Question 8

simple covalent

Answer 8

type of forces: id-id/pd-pd/hydrogen bond
electrical conductivity: does not conduct
e.g. I2, C60 buckminsterfullerene, H2O

Question 9

giant covalent

Answer 9

type of forces: network of strong covalent bonds
electrical conductivity: does not conduct
e.g. SiO2, graphite, diamond

Question 10

C60 buckminsterfullerene

Answer 10

simple covalent, sphere, id-id forces only, does not conduct electricity, insoluble in polar solvent

Question 11

graphite bonding & structure

Answer 11

giant covalent, trigonal planar, network of strong covalent bonds, conducts electricity, insoluble in polar solvent

Question 12

diamond bonding & structure

Answer 12

giant covalent, tetrahedral, network of strong covalent bonds, does not conduct electricity, insoluble in polar solvent

Question 13

carbon allotropes?

Answer 13

C60 (buckminsterfullerene, graphite, diamond)

Question 14

SiO2 bonding & structure

Answer 14

giant covalent, tetrahedral, network of strong covalent bonds

Question 15

iodine bonding & structure

Answer 15

simple covalent, id-id forces, poor electrical conductivity

Question 16

H2O bonding & structure

Answer 16

simple covalent, hydrogen bonding, poor electrical conductivity

Question 17

P4 bonding and strucutre

Answer 17

simple covalent

Question 18

P bonding and structure

Answer 18

giant covalent

Question 19

Why P has higher melting point than P4?

Answer 19

Less energy needed to overcome id-id forces between P4 molecules, more energy needed to break network of strong covalent bonds between P atoms