C1-C2 STATES OF MATTER AND SEPARATING SUBSTANCES

Question 1

Particle

Answer 1

The ting pieces that all matter is made from

Question 2

Aron

Answer 2

The smallest independent particle everything is made of atoms

Question 3

Molecule

Answer 3

A particle made from two or more atoms bonded together

Question 4

States of matter

Answer 4

Whether a substance is solid , liquid or gas

Question 5

Particle model

Answer 5

A theory ghat uses the idea is particles to explain the differences between solids, liquids or gases

Question 6

Solid

Answer 6

Particle arrangement : regular pattern, touching each other

Particle movement : moving around

Question 7

Liquid

Answer 7

Particle arrangement: random , touching each other

Particle movement : moving around

Question 8

Gas

Answer 8

Particle arrangement: random

Particle movement: moving quickly

Question 9

State changes

Answer 9

Solid to liquid=melting 
Liquid to solid=freezing 
Liquid to gas=evaporating it boiling 
Gas to liquid=condensation 
Solid to gas=sublimation 
Gas to solid=deposition

Question 10

Heating curbs for a pure substance

Answer 10

Temperature rises as you heat a solid, levels out as it melts, continues rising once fully liquid, levels out whilst boiling and rises again one fully gas

Question 11

Element

Answer 11

A substance made from only one type of atom

Question 12

Compound

Answer 12

A substance made from two or more different elements bonded together

Question 13

Mixture

Answer 13

A substance made of two of more substances (elements of compounds) mixed but not bonded together

Question 14

Melting point of mixtures

Answer 14

Mixtures do not melt at a fixed temperature but melt gradually over a range of temperatures

Question 15

Heating curves of mixtures

Answer 15

The flat sections of the heating curves of a pure substances are sloped for a mixture

Question 16

Dissolve

Answer 16

When a substance mixes with a liquid by breaking down into individual particles (atoms or molecules)

Question 17

Soluble

Answer 17

When a substance can be dissolved by a liquid

Question 18

Insoluble

Answer 18

When a substance can’t be dissolved by a liquid

Question 19

Filtration

Answer 19

A method of separating a mixture of a liquid and an insoluble solid by passing it through a filter paper

Question 20

Residue

Answer 20

The solid that gets left behind I’m the filter paper

Question 21

Filtrate

Answer 21

The liquid that passes through the filter paper

Question 22

How filtration works

Answer 22

The filter paper contains many tiny holes

The water molecules are small enough to pass through the holes, the solid particles are too big and get trapped

Question 23

Solution

Answer 23

A mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent

Question 24

Solvent

Answer 24

A liquid ghat has dissolved a substance , for example water

Question 25

Solute

Answer 25

A solid that has been dissolved , for example salt

Question 26

Crystallisation

Answer 26

A method of collecting the dissolved solid from a solution by beating it so that the solvent evaporated away

Question 27

Risk of crystallisation

Answer 27

As the solvent boils away, the hot solution can split, so you should wear safety Google’s to protect your eyes

Question 28

Paper chromatography

Answer 28

A method of separating out mixtures of liquids to show what is in them by letting them travel up a piece of chromatography paper

Question 29

Chromatography method

Answer 29

1) draw pencil line on paper 2) place sample spot on line 3) place paper in solvent, with solvent below pencil line 4) allow solvent to soak up the paper 5) stop when solvent near top and mark how far it gets

Question 30

Stationary phase

Answer 30

The substance the solvent moves through - usually paper

Question 31

Mobile phase

Answer 31

The solvent

Question 32

Rf | Retardation factor

Answer 32

Rf =spot distance/ solvent distance

Question 33

Uses of rf

Answer 33

Rf enables you to identity a substance because for a given solvent and stationary phases, it is unique to each substance

Question 34

Uses of chromatography

Answer 34

To tell between pure and impure substances To identify substances by comparison with known ones To identity substances by calculating Rf

Question 35

Distillation

Answer 35

A method used to collect pure liquid from a solution, such as getting pure water from seawater

Question 36

Condenser

Answer 36

A glass tube surrounded by a glass jacket containing cold tap water . Used to condense gases back to liquids

Question 37

How distillation works

Answer 37

The solution is heated until it is hot enough for the solvent to boil. The solvent. Is then passed through a cool condenser where it turns back to liquid. The solute does not get hot enough to evaporate and stays where it is

Question 38

Anti-bumping granules

Answer 38

Jagged grains of glass that are added during distillation to prevent violent boiling

Question 39

Fractional distillation

Answer 39

A type of distillation used to separate mixtures of two or more liquids

Question 40

How fractional distillation works

Answer 40

The liquid with the lowest boiling point boils first and can be collected, then the next boils and so on

Question 41

Fractionating column

Answer 41

A tall glass column used during fractional distillation that gives a better separation of the liquids by producing a temperature gradient

Question 42

Portable water

Answer 42

Water that is safe to drink

Question 43

Desalination

Answer 43

Producing pure water from seawater

Question 44

Purifying seawater

Answer 44

The seawater is distilled: heating the water to produce water vapour and condensing it back to liquid. Uses lots of enters

Question 45

Uses of pure water

Answer 45

Pure water has to be used when chemists analyse substances to fins out what they contain. Tap water contains many dissolved substances that could interfere with this

Question 46

Water treatment in the UK

Answer 46

Water is passed through a sedimentation tank, to allow sediment to settle out, it is passed through a filtration tower to remove floating particles, chlorine is added to kill bacteria