C3-C4 ATOMS, PERIODIC TABLE

Question 1

Particle

Answer 1

The tiny pieces that all matter is made from

Question 2

Atom

Answer 2

The smallest independent particle everything is made of atoms

Question 3

Size of atoms

Answer 3

About 1 x 10-10 m in diameter

Question 4

Daltons model of atoms

Answer 4

The tiny hard spheres 
Can’t be broken down 
 Can’t be created or destroyed 
Atoms of an element are identical 
Different elements have different atoms

Question 5

Subatomic particles

Answer 5

Smaller particles that atoms are made from

Question 6

Proton

Answer 6

Mass = 1 
Charge = +1 
Location = nucleus

Question 7

Neutron

Answer 7

Mass=1
Charge = 0
Location = nucleus

Question 8

Electron

Answer 8

Mass = 1/1835 (negligible) 
Charge = -1
Location= shells orbiting nucleus

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Central part of an atom 100,000 times smaller than the overall atom

Question 10

Alpha particle

Answer 10

Small positively charged particle made of two protons and two neutrons

Question 11

Scattering

Answer 11

When particles bounce back or change direction

Question 12

Rutherfords experiment

Answer 12

Fired alpha particles at gold leaf, used a phosphor-coated screen to track where they want

Question 13

Rutherfolds results

Answer 13

Most alpha particles went through, some scattered (change direction)

Question 14

Rutherfords explanation

Answer 14

Scattered particles hit a solid nucleus most did not hit it therefore nucleus is small

Question 15

Atomic number

Answer 15

The bottom number on the periodic table gives the number of protons and electrons

Question 16

Atomic mass

Answer 16

The top number on the periodic game , gives the total protons and neutrons together

Question 17

Number of protons

Answer 17

The atomic number

Question 18

Number of electrons

Answer 18

The atomic number

Question 19

Number of neutrons

Answer 19

Atomic mass minus the atomic number

Question 20

Number of protons and electrons

Answer 20

Equal, because each negative electron is attracted to a positive proton in the nucleus

Question 21

Isotopes

Answer 21

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 22

Decribing isotopes

Answer 22

Mass after the name (e.g. boron-10) or superscript mass before the symbol (10B)

Question 23

Nuclear fission

Answer 23

Large unstable atoms break into two smaller stable ones

Question 24

Uses of fission

Answer 24

Nuclear power , nuclear weapons

Question 25

Relative atomic mass

Answer 25

The weighted average of the masses of all the isotopes of an element

Question 26

Isotopic abundance

Answer 26

The percentage of an element this is made of a particular isotope

Question 27

Calculating

Answer 27

Multiply each mass by the decimal % | Add these up

Question 28

Dmitri Mendeleev

Answer 28

Russian chemist developed the periodic table

Question 29

Mendeleevs periodic table

Answer 29

Ordered by increasing A some elements switched according to their properties

Question 30

Chemical properties

Answer 30

Includes reaction with acid and formula of oxide

Question 31

Physical properties

Answer 31

Includes melting point and density

Question 32

Gaps in menedeleevs periodic table

Answer 32

Menedeleev left gaps where no element fitted and predicted these would be filled with newly discovered elements

Question 33

Eka aluminium

Answer 33

An element that menedeleev thought would fill a gap | He predicted its properties which matched gallium when discovered

Question 34

Noble gases

Answer 34

Gases that do not react : he, ne, ar, kr

Question 35

Moseleys experiment

Answer 35

Fired electrons at samples of elements and measured X-rays produced

Question 36

Moseleys results

Answer 36

Energy of x-rays produced proportional to the positive charge of the element

Question 37

Conc, from moseleys work

Answer 37

The atomic number must be the number of protons in the atoms

Question 38

Pair reversals

Answer 38

Elements (like ar and k) that are not in order in increasing mass

Question 39

Explaining pair reversals

Answer 39

It means elements should be order elements by increasing atomic number instead

Question 40

Shells

Answer 40

Electrons orbit atoms in shells

Question 41

First shell

Answer 41

Hold up to two electrons

Question 42

Second shell

Answer 42

Holds up to eight electrons

Question 43

Third shell

Answer 43

Holds up to eight electrons

Question 44

Number of electrons

Answer 44

Given by the atomic number

Question 45

Filling shells

Answer 45

Fills shells from the first shell out | Move up a shell when current one is full

Question 46

Electron configuration

Answer 46

The number of electrons in each shell | E.g. Al is 2.8.3

Question 47

Outer shell

Answer 47

The last shell with any electrons in it

Question 48

Groups

Answer 48

Columns in the periodic table , tell you the number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 49

Groups

Answer 49

Columns in the periodic table, tell you the number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 50

Periods

Answer 50

Rows in the periodic table, tell you the number of electron shells