C1-HC 1

Question 1

What does healthy state (turnover) and diseased state (restoration) mean?

Answer 1

1. healthy state (turnover)= maintenance regeneration to keep integrity (hair, intestine, bone)
2. diseased state (restoration) = injury-induced regeneration or fibrosis (wound healing, liver)

Question 2

2 mechanisms for replacement and repair:

Answer 2

regeneration & fibrosis

Question 3

Regeneration:

Answer 3

a homeostatic process that maintains or restores the original architecture (!) and functions of a tissue by recapitulating part of its original embryonic devlopment.

Question 4

Fibrosis:

Answer 4

in which damaged tissue are invaded by fibroblasts that do not (!) restore the original tissue architecture, but instead patch the damaged area with collagenous scar tissue.

Question 5

Do we aim for regeneration or repair?

Answer 5

Regeneration.

Question 6

Regenerative medicine:

Answer 6

the branch of medicine that develops methods to regenerate or replace damaged or diseased cells, organs or tissue to restore or establisch normal functions.

Question 7

4 strategies of RM:

Answer 7

1. The use of biomimetic (bionic) devices and organ transplants
   
   2. The use of therapeutic stem cells
   3. Implantation of bioartificial tissues or organs (tissue engineering)
   4. Chemical and physical inhibition of scarring and simultaneous induction of new tissue formation directly at the site of injury (stimulation of the body’s owns endogenous repair mechanisms).

Question 8

Regenerative biology:

Answer 8

to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of regeneration where it occurs naturally and how these mechanisms differ from the mechanisms of scarring.

Question 9

3 main types of cells and what they are:

Answer 9

1. embryonic cells: totipotent, pluripotent
2. somatic stem cells: multipotent, oligopotent, unipotent
3. somatic cells: differentiated mature cells.

Question 10

2 types of division:

Answer 10

1. asymmetric division:
 stem --> diff + stem
2. symmetric division: 
stem --> stem + stem 
of stem-->diff + diff

Question 11

Compensatory hyperplasia:

Answer 11

the proliferation of cells while they maintain their differentiated structure and function

Question 12

Dedifferentiation/ transdetermination:

Answer 12

mature cells that can produce progenitor cells capable of division.